用波数域分析全息MIMO，解决亚波长天线间距下的信道建模难题。
Wavenumber-domain signal processing for holographic MIMO: Foundations, methods, and future directions
- 基于平面波分解构建波数域模型，统一描述近场与远场特性。
- 实现亚波长级空间相关性和球面波传播的精确刻画。
- 适用于6G全息通信系统，适合研究新型信号处理的学者。
全息多输入多输出（H-MIMO）系统通过准连续孔径实现无线通信范式革新。与传统MIMO不同，具有亚波长天线间距的H-MIMO在远场和近场均运行，经典离散傅里叶变换（DFT）表示无法充分捕捉其信道特征。为此，本文综述了新兴的波数域信号处理框架。通过空间傅里叶平面波分解建模H-MIMO信道，波数域提供了一个统一且物理一致的基，用于表征亚波长级空间相关性和球面波传播。文章首先介绍H-MIMO概念及波数域信道表示，接着详述文献中报道的波数域信号处理技术，包括复用、信道估计与波形设计。最后，指出开放挑战并展望下一代无线系统中波数域信号处理的未来方向。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Holographic multiple-input multiple-output (H-MIMO) systems represent a paradigm shift in wireless communications by enabling quasi-continuous apertures. Unlike conventional MIMO systems, H-MIMO with subwavelength antenna spacing operates in both far-field and near-field regimes, where classical discrete Fourier transform (DFT) representations fail to sufficiently capture the channel characteristics. To address this challenge, this article provides an overview of the emerging wavenumber-domain signal processing framework. Specifically, by leveraging spatial Fourier plane-wave decomposition to model H-MIMO channels, the wavenumber domain offers a unified and physically consistent basis for characterizing subwavelength-level spatial correlation and spherical wave propagation. This article first introduces the concept of H-MIMO and the wavenumber representation of H-MIMO channels. Next, it elaborates on wavenumber-domain signal processing technologies reported in the literature, including multiplexing, channel estimation, and waveform designs. Finally, it highlights open challenges and outlines future research directions in wavenumber-domain signal processing for next-generation wireless systems.
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