arXiv:2602.18678eess.SPcs.AI2026-02

提出无需重训练的智能波束选择方法,适配不同天线配置。

Heterogeneity-agnostic AI/ML-assisted beam selection for multi-panel arrays

  • 基于用户位置预测传播特性,解耦天线配置影响
  • 在多种天线异构条件下逼近理想波束选择性能
  • 适合大规模多面板阵列系统部署与快速波束训练

基于AI/ML的波束选择方法结合位置信息可有效降低波束训练开销。然而,天线硬件的异构性(如尺寸、方向、码本、单元方向图和极化角差异)限制了其适用性和泛化能力。这需要一种对异构性不敏感的模型,或为每种配置单独建模,后者在实践中不可行且成本高昂。本文提出一种统一的AI/ML波束选择算法,通过预测与天线配置无关的无线传播特性来支持天线异构性。我们推导出将传播特性与天线配置解耦的参考信号接收功率(RSRP)模型,提出优化框架,从波束成形后的RSRP测量中提取包含到达角(AoA)、出发角(AoD)及路径增益与信道去极化矩阵在内的传播变量。设计三阶段自回归网络,仅需用户位置即可预测这些变量,实现任意天线配置下的RSRP计算与波束选择,无需重新训练或为每种配置建立独立模型。仿真结果表明,该异构性无关方法在存在与不存在天线异构性的场景下,均接近理想波束选择的频谱效率。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

AI/ML-based beam selection methods coupled with location information effectively reduce beam training overhead. Unfortunately, heterogeneous antenna hardware with varying dimensions, orientations, codebooks, element patterns, and polarization angles limits their feasibility and generalization. This challenge requires either a heterogeneity-agnostic model functional under these variations, or developing many models for each configuration, which is infeasible and expensive in practice. In this paper, we propose a unifying AI/ML-based beam selection algorithm supporting antenna heterogeneity by predicting wireless propagation characteristics independent of antenna configuration. We derive a reference signal received power (RSRP) model that decouples propagation characteristics from antenna configuration. We propose an optimization framework to extract propagation variables consisting of angle-of-arrival (AoA), angle-of-departure (AoD), and a matrix incorporating path gain and channel depolarization from beamformed RSRP measurements. We develop a three-stage autoregressive network to predict these variables from user location, enabling RSRP calculation and beam selection for arbitrary antenna configurations without retraining or having a separate model for each configuration. Simulation results show our heterogeneity-agnostic method provides spectral efficiency close to that of genie-aided selection both with and without antenna heterogeneity.

波束选择异构天线智能通信无线感知

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