人机协作中,显式沟通比精准预测更受青睐,混合使用效果最佳。
When the Inference Meets the Explicitness or Why Multimodality Can Make Us Forget About the Perfect Predictor
- 对比四种交互方式:两种预测模型与两种显式通信。
- 人类偏好自然但容错率高的系统,且性能达标后不再关注技术优化。
- 结合预测与显式沟通的混合方案最受喜爱,兼顾效率与体验。
现有研究多聚焦于预测人类意图的模型,但因人类行为的随机性,部分学者开始倡导通过显式沟通获取意图。本文以人机协同搬运物体为实验任务,测试四种交互系统:两种意图预测器(基于力觉预测和改进的速度预测算法)以及两种显式通信方式(按钮界面与语音识别)。实验在配备力传感器与激光雷达的定制移动社交机器人IVO上进行,任务需在5-7米距离内穿越障碍物,要求快速决策与精确物理协作。共75名志愿者完成255次实验,分为三组:第一轮测试推理系统,第二轮测试沟通系统,第三轮测试混合策略。结果表明:1)一旦性能达到足够水平,人类不再关注且正面评价技术改进;2)人类更偏好自然但故障率更高的系统;3)最优选择是预测与显式沟通的合理结合。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Although in the literature it is common to find predictors and inference systems that try to predict human intentions, the uncertainty of these models due to the randomness of human behavior has led some authors to start advocating the use of communication systems that explicitly elicit human intention. In this work, it is analyzed the use of four different communication systems with a human-robot collaborative object transportation task as experimental testbed: two intention predictors (one based on force prediction and another with an enhanced velocity prediction algorithm) and two explicit communication methods (a button interface and a voice-command recognition system). These systems were integrated into IVO, a custom mobile social robot equipped with force sensor to detect the force exchange between both agents and LiDAR to detect the environment. The collaborative task required transporting an object over a 5-7 meter distance with obstacles in the middle, demanding rapid decisions and precise physical coordination. 75 volunteers perform a total of 255 executions divided into three groups, testing inference systems in the first round, communication systems in the second, and the combined strategies in the third. The results show that, 1) once sufficient performance is achieved, the human no longer notices and positively assesses technical improvements; 2) the human prefers systems that are more natural to them even though they have higher failure rates; and 3) the preferred option is the right combination of both systems.
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