arXiv:2602.18916cs.MAcs.AI2026-02被引 4

让AI律师自动辩论并可被人类审查,结果更可信。

Adaptive Collaboration of Arena-Based Argumentative LLMs for Explainable and Contestable Legal Reasoning

  • 用多个AI专家协作辩论,动态组队应对不同案件
  • 在边界案件中自动升级处理,准确率高于基线模型
  • 支持人工介入修改推理过程,适合法律审核场景

法律推理不仅需要高准确率,还需提供可验证、可质疑的论证。现有大模型方法如思维链(CoT)和检索增强生成(RAG)常产生非结构化解释,缺乏验证机制或用户干预能力。为此,我们提出自适应论辩型LLM协同框架(ACAL),融合自适应多智能体协作与基于竞技场的量化双极论辩框架(A-QBAF)。ACAL动态部署专家团队构建论点,通过冲突调解机制裁决对立主张,并对边界案例启用不确定性感知升级。关键在于,该框架支持人机协同(HITL)可质疑工作流,允许用户直接审计和修改推理图以影响最终判决。在LegalBench基准上的实证评估表明,ACAL在Gemini-2.5-Flash-Lite与Gemini-2.5-Flash架构上均优于强基线模型,有效平衡高效预测性能与结构化透明性及可质疑性。代码已开源:https://github.com/loc110504/ACAL。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Legal reasoning requires not only high accuracy but also the ability to justify decisions through verifiable and contestable arguments. However, existing Large Language Model (LLM) approaches, such as Chain-of-Thought (CoT) and Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG), often produce unstructured explanations that lack a formal mechanism for verification or user intervention. To address this limitation, we propose Adaptive Collaboration of Argumentative LLMs (ACAL), a neuro-symbolic framework that integrates adaptive multi-agent collaboration with an Arena-based Quantitative Bipolar Argumentation Framework (A-QBAF). ACAL dynamically deploys expert agent teams to construct arguments, employs a clash resolution mechanism to adjudicate conflicting claims, and utilizes uncertainty-aware escalation for borderline cases. Crucially, our framework supports a Human-in-the-Loop (HITL) contestability workflow, enabling users to directly audit and modify the underlying reasoning graph to influence the final judgment. Empirical evaluations on the LegalBench benchmark demonstrate that ACAL outperforms strong baselines across Gemini-2.5-Flash-Lite and Gemini-2.5-Flash architectures, effectively balancing efficient predictive performance with structured transparency and contestability. Our implementation is available at: https://github.com/loc110504/ACAL.

法律AI可解释性多智能体

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