arXiv:2602.18929cs.IRcs.AI2026-02

让推荐系统听懂用户自然语言指令,动态调整推荐结果。

Give Users the Wheel: Towards Promptable Recommendation Paradigm

  • 解耦协同信号与语义意图,在检索阶段直接调节用户表征。
  • 在真实数据集上显著优于现有方法,同时保持传统推荐性能。
  • 适合需要灵活响应用户即时需求的推荐场景。

传统序列推荐模型虽能挖掘隐式行为模式,但对用户显式意图(如自然语言提示)无感知,难以适应用户当前目标与历史习惯的偏离。尽管大语言模型具备语义理解能力,但现有融合方式存在两难:作为推荐器时牺牲效率与协同精度,重排序方法又受限于底层召回能力。本文提出解耦式可提示序列推荐(DPR),一种与模型无关的框架,使传统序列模型原生支持可提示推荐——即通过自然语言动态引导检索过程,同时保留协同信号。DPR 在检索空间直接调节用户潜在表征,引入融合模块对齐协同与语义信号,采用多专家(MoE)架构分离正负向引导的冲突梯度,并设计三阶段训练策略逐步对齐提示语义空间与协同空间。大量实验表明,DPR 在提示引导任务中显著超越先进基线,同时在标准序列推荐场景中保持竞争力。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Conventional sequential recommendation models have achieved remarkable success in mining implicit behavioral patterns. However, these architectures remain structurally blind to explicit user intent: they struggle to adapt when a user's immediate goal (e.g., expressed via a natural language prompt) deviates from their historical habits. While Large Language Models (LLMs) offer the semantic reasoning to interpret such intent, existing integration paradigms force a dilemma: LLM-as-a-recommender paradigm sacrifices the efficiency and collaborative precision of ID-based retrieval, while Reranking methods are inherently bottlenecked by the recall capabilities of the underlying model. In this paper, we propose Decoupled Promptable Sequential Recommendation (DPR), a model-agnostic framework that empowers conventional sequential backbones to natively support Promptable Recommendation, the ability to dynamically steer the retrieval process using natural language without abandoning collaborative signals. DPR modulates the latent user representation directly within the retrieval space. To achieve this, we introduce a Fusion module to align the collaborative and semantic signals, a Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) architecture that disentangles the conflicting gradients from positive and negative steering, and a three-stage training strategy that progressively aligns the semantic space of prompts with the collaborative space. Extensive experiments on real-world datasets demonstrate that DPR significantly outperforms state-of-the-art baselines in prompt-guided tasks while maintaining competitive performance in standard sequential recommendation scenarios.

可提示推荐序列推荐大模型融合

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