用连续表示替代离散锚点,实现快速高鲁棒的端到端自动驾驶轨迹生成。
MeanFuser: Fast One-Step Multi-Modal Trajectory Generation and Adaptive Reconstruction via MeanFlow for End-to-End Autonomous Driving
- 用高斯混合噪声引导采样,摆脱对离散锚点的依赖。
- 基于均值流建模,推理速度显著提升且无数值误差。
- 自适应重建模块可动态选择或重构轨迹,适合复杂场景。
生成模型在轨迹规划中展现出巨大潜力。近期研究显示,基于锚点的生成模型能有效建模驾驶行为不确定性并提升整体性能。然而,这类方法依赖离散锚点词汇表,需在测试时充分覆盖轨迹分布以保证鲁棒性,导致词汇表大小与模型性能之间存在固有权衡。为此,我们提出 MeanFuser,一种通过三项关键设计提升效率与鲁棒性的端到端自动驾驶方法:(1) 引入高斯混合噪声(GMN)引导生成采样,实现轨迹空间的连续表示,消除对离散锚点词汇表的依赖;(2) 将“均值流恒等”适配至端到端规划,建模 GMN 与轨迹分布之间的均值速度场,而非传统流匹配中的瞬时速度场,有效消除微分方程求解器带来的数值误差,并显著加速推理;(3) 设计轻量级自适应重建模块(ARM),通过注意力权重隐式选择最优采样轨迹,或在所有候选轨迹不理想时重构新轨迹。在 NAVSIM 闭环基准测试中,MeanFuser 在无需 PDM Score 监督的情况下表现出色,推理效率卓越,为端到端自动驾驶提供了高效可靠的解决方案。代码与模型已开源。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Generative models have shown great potential in trajectory planning. Recent studies demonstrate that anchor-guided generative models are effective in modeling the uncertainty of driving behaviors and improving overall performance. However, these methods rely on discrete anchor vocabularies that must sufficiently cover the trajectory distribution during testing to ensure robustness, inducing an inherent trade-off between vocabulary size and model performance. To overcome this limitation, we propose MeanFuser, an end-to-end autonomous driving method that enhances both efficiency and robustness through three key designs. (1) We introduce Gaussian Mixture Noise (GMN) to guide generative sampling, enabling a continuous representation of the trajectory space and eliminating the dependency on discrete anchor vocabularies. (2) We adapt ``MeanFlow Identity" to end-to-end planning, which models the mean velocity field between GMN and trajectory distribution instead of the instantaneous velocity field used in vanilla flow matching methods, effectively eliminating numerical errors from ODE solvers and significantly accelerating inference. (3) We design a lightweight Adaptive Reconstruction Module (ARM) that enables the model to implicitly select from all sampled proposals or reconstruct a new trajectory when none is satisfactory via attention weights.Experiments on the NAVSIM closed-loop benchmark demonstrate that MeanFuser achieves outstanding performance without the supervision of the PDM Score and exceptional inference efficiency, offering a robust and efficient solution for end-to-end autonomous driving. Our code and model are available at https://github.com/wjl2244/MeanFuser.
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