用机器学习直接预测量子化学高精度波函数核心参数,提升计算效率。
Coupled Cluster con MōLe: Molecular Orbital Learning for Neural Wavefunctions
- 基于哈特里-福克分子轨道,学习耦合簇理论的激发振幅
- 仅用小分子平衡构型训练,即可泛化到大分子和非平衡结构
- 显著减少耦合簇计算收敛所需迭代次数,适合分子设计加速
密度泛函理论(DFT)是计算分子性质最常用的方法,但其精度常不足以实现定量预测。耦合簇(CC)理论是超越DFT、与实验高度吻合的最成功方法,被称为量子化学的“黄金标准”。然而,其高昂的计算成本限制了广泛应用。本文提出分子轨道学习(MōLe)架构,一种等变机器学习模型,直接从均场哈特里-福克分子轨道输入中预测耦合簇的核心数学对象——激发振幅。我们测试了模型的多个方面,证明其具有出色的样本效率和对更大分子及非平衡几何构型的外分布泛化能力,尽管仅在小分子平衡构型上训练。此外,还评估了其降低耦合簇计算收敛循环次数的能力。MōLe可为高精度波函数类机器学习架构奠定基础,加速分子设计并补充力场方法。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Density functional theory (DFT) is the most widely used method for calculating molecular properties; however, its accuracy is often insufficient for quantitative predictions. Coupled-cluster (CC) theory is the most successful method for achieving accuracy beyond DFT and for predicting properties that closely align with experiment. It is known as the ''gold standard'' of quantum chemistry. Unfortunately, the high computational cost of CC limits its widespread applicability. In this work, we present the Molecular Orbital Learning (MōLe) architecture, an equivariant machine learning model that directly predicts CC's core mathematical objects, the excitation amplitudes, from the mean-field Hartree-Fock molecular orbitals as inputs. We test various aspects of our model and demonstrate its remarkable data efficiency and out-of-distribution generalization to larger molecules and off-equilibrium geometries, despite being trained only on small equilibrium geometries. Finally, we also examine its ability to reduce the number of cycles required to converge CC calculations. MōLe can set the foundations for high-accuracy wavefunction-based ML architectures to accelerate molecular design and complement force-field approaches.
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