arXiv:2602.20304cs.RO2026-02被引 2

提出可微且高效向量化接触面生成方法,提升机器人物理仿真速度与精度。

Smoothly Differentiable and Efficiently Vectorizable Contact Manifold Generation

  • 用光滑解析距离函数建模顶点-面碰撞,实现可微计算。
  • 设计新可微边-边碰撞算法,输出带符号距离与法向量。
  • 在JAX中实现,比Mujoco XLA快得多,适合强化学习等场景。

在机器人领域,以快速、大规模向量化且平滑可微的方式模拟带接触的刚体动力学极具价值。现有可微仿真框架的主要瓶颈在于接触面生成:通过合理分布的离散接触点表示两几何体相交体积。这一瓶颈主要源于常用机器人仿真器的相关模块未以向量化和可微性为设计核心,依赖逻辑与控制流阻碍了目标达成。本文提出从零开始设计的框架,平衡两类方法:一是机器人仿真中常用的凸基元方法(高效但不可微),二是障碍物方法中的柔化顶点-面与边-边无符号距离法(可微但低效)。具体提出:一、一组用于顶点-面碰撞的光滑解析有符号距离基元;二、一种新型可微边-边碰撞算法,能提供有符号距离与有符号接触法向量。通过一系列教学实验评估,并与成熟的Mujoco XLA碰撞检测模块对比,显著提升速度。补充视频见https://github.com/bekeronur/contax,JAX参考实现将在审稿结束后发布。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Simulating rigid-body dynamics with contact in a fast, massively vectorizable, and smoothly differentiable manner is highly desirable in robotics. An important bottleneck faced by existing differentiable simulation frameworks is contact manifold generation: representing the volume of intersection between two colliding geometries via a discrete set of properly distributed contact points. A major factor contributing to this bottleneck is that the related routines of commonly used robotics simulators were not designed with vectorization and differentiability as a primary concern, and thus rely on logic and control flow that hinder these goals. We instead propose a framework designed from the ground up with these goals in mind, by trying to strike a middle ground between: i) convex primitive based approaches used by common robotics simulators (efficient but not differentiable), and ii) mollified vertex-face and edge-edge unsigned distance-based approaches used by barrier methods (differentiable but inefficient). Concretely, we propose: i) a representative set of smooth analytical signed distance primitives to implement vertex-face collisions, and ii) a novel differentiable edge-edge collision routine that can provide signed distances and signed contact normals. The proposed framework is evaluated via a set of didactic experiments and benchmarked against the collision detection routine of the well-established Mujoco XLA framework, where we observe a significant speedup. Supplementary videos can be found at https://github.com/bekeronur/contax, where a reference implementation in JAX will also be made available at the conclusion of the review process.

物理仿真可微分向量化机器人

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