arXiv:2602.20731cs.CVcs.AI2026-02

让图像分块像说话一样有结构,提升模型理解物体关系的能力

Communication-Inspired Tokenization for Structured Image Representations

  • 模仿人类沟通的逐步构建方式,动态生成带语义结构的图像标记序列
  • 在固定标记数量下,比现有方法更准确还原图像并支持组合泛化
  • 适合需要理解物体间关系的视觉任务,如场景解析与跨模态推理

离散图像分词器已成为现代视觉与多模态系统的关键组件,为基于Transformer的架构提供序列化接口。然而,大多数现有方法仍主要优化重建与压缩,常生成仅捕捉局部纹理而非物体级语义结构的标记。受人类沟通的渐进性与组合性启发,我们提出通信式分词框架COMiT,用于学习结构化的离散视觉标记序列。COMiT在固定标记预算内,通过迭代观察局部图像区域,并反复更新其离散表示来构建潜在信息。每一步中,模型整合新视觉信息的同时,对已有标记序列进行精炼与重组。经过多次编码迭代后,最终消息驱动流匹配解码器重建完整图像。编码与解码均在单一Transformer模型中实现,采用流匹配重建损失与语义表示对齐损失联合端到端训练。实验表明,尽管语义对齐提供基础支撑,但注意力引导的序列化分词对于生成可解释、以物体为中心的标记结构至关重要,并显著提升组合泛化与关系推理能力。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Discrete image tokenizers have emerged as a key component of modern vision and multimodal systems, providing a sequential interface for transformer-based architectures. However, most existing approaches remain primarily optimized for reconstruction and compression, often yielding tokens that capture local texture rather than object-level semantic structure. Inspired by the incremental and compositional nature of human communication, we introduce COMmunication inspired Tokenization (COMiT), a framework for learning structured discrete visual token sequences. COMiT constructs a latent message within a fixed token budget by iteratively observing localized image crops and recurrently updating its discrete representation. At each step, the model integrates new visual information while refining and reorganizing the existing token sequence. After several encoding iterations, the final message conditions a flow-matching decoder that reconstructs the full image. Both encoding and decoding are implemented within a single transformer model and trained end-to-end using a combination of flow-matching reconstruction and semantic representation alignment losses. Our experiments demonstrate that while semantic alignment provides grounding, attentive sequential tokenization is critical for inducing interpretable, object-centric token structure and substantially improving compositional generalization and relational reasoning over prior methods.

图像分词视觉结构物体关系Transformer

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