arXiv:2602.20994eess.IVcs.AI2026-02

用报告中的模糊信息精准分割脑部病变,提升标注效率。

Multimodal MRI Report Findings Supervised Brain Lesion Segmentation with Substructures

  • 解析报告中的定性与定量信息,构建统一的不确定性感知损失函数
  • 在1238例数据上显著优于稀疏标注和传统方法
  • 适合医学影像标注资源有限、依赖报告的场景

报告监督(RSuper)学习旨在利用放射科报告中的约束(如体积、数量、大小、位置)减少对密集肿瘤体素标注的依赖。然而,在脑肿瘤MRI研究中,常涉及多参数扫描和亚结构。报告通常提供全局发现及各模态的细粒度描述,且仅关注最大病灶,使用定性或不确定表述(如“轻度”、“可能”)。传统RSuper损失(如体积求和一致性)在信息不全时易过度约束或虚构未提及的发现,难以利用分层报告内容或整合不同病变类型的先验知识。本文显式解析全局定量与模态级定性发现,提出一种统一、单边、不确定性感知的框架(MS-RSuper):(i) 使用存在/不存在损失将模态特异性定性提示(如T1c强化、FLAIR水肿)与对应亚结构对齐;(ii) 对部分定量线索(如最大病灶尺寸、最小多发性)施加单边下界约束;(iii) 引入额外-及内部轴向解剖先验以适应队列差异。确定性标记按比例调整惩罚;缺失线索自动降权。在1238例带报告标注的BraTS-MET/MEN扫描上,所提方法显著优于稀疏监督基线和朴素的RSuper方法。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Report-supervised (RSuper) learning seeks to alleviate the need for dense tumor voxel labels with constraints derived from radiology reports (e.g., volumes, counts, sizes, locations). In MRI studies of brain tumors, however, we often involve multi-parametric scans and substructures. Here, fine-grained modality/parameter-wise reports are usually provided along with global findings and are correlated with different substructures. Moreover, the reports often describe only the largest lesion and provide qualitative or uncertain cues (``mild,'' ``possible''). Classical RSuper losses (e.g., sum volume consistency) can over-constrain or hallucinate unreported findings under such incompleteness, and are unable to utilize these hierarchical findings or exploit the priors of varied lesion types in a merged dataset. We explicitly parse the global quantitative and modality-wise qualitative findings and introduce a unified, one-sided, uncertainty-aware formulation (MS-RSuper) that: (i) aligns modality-specific qualitative cues (e.g., T1c enhancement, FLAIR edema) with their corresponding substructures using existence and absence losses; (ii) enforces one-sided lower-bounds for partial quantitative cues (e.g., largest lesion size, minimal multiplicity); and (iii) adds extra- vs. intra-axial anatomical priors to respect cohort differences. Certainty tokens scale penalties; missing cues are down-weighted. On 1238 report-labeled BraTS-MET/MEN scans, our MS-RSuper largely outperforms both a sparsely-supervised baseline and a naive RSuper method.

脑肿瘤分割报告监督多模态MRI弱监督

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