arXiv:2602.21266cs.RO2026-02

用不等式约束替代硬性运动假设,提升城市导航精度与鲁棒性。

Dual-Branch INS/GNSS Fusion with Inequality and Equality Constraints

  • 双分支框架融合等式与不等式运动约束,按方差加权融合
  • 在无卫星信号时垂直漂移减少24.2%,定位精度提升20.2%
  • 仅需软件升级,无需额外传感器或地图数据,适合低成本系统

城市环境中,因高楼和复杂基础设施导致的卫星信号频繁遮挡,使车辆导航仍具挑战性。尽管在扩展卡尔曼滤波中融合惯性测量与卫星定位可实现短期连续导航,但低成本惯性传感器在长时间失锁时误差累积迅速。现有信息辅助方法(如非完整约束)对车辆运动施加严格的等式假设,在动态城市驾驶中易被违反,反而在最需要辅助时降低鲁棒性。本文提出一种双分支信息辅助框架,通过方差加权策略融合等式与不等式运动约束,仅需对现有导航滤波器进行软件修改,无需额外传感器或硬件。该方法在四个公开的城市数据集上评估,涵盖多种惯性传感器、道路条件与动态场景,总数据量达4.3小时。在全GNSS可用条件下,垂直位置误差降低16.7%,高程精度提升50.1%;在无GNSS条件下,垂直漂移减少24.2%,高程精度提高20.2%。结果表明,以物理合理的不等式边界替代硬性等式假设,是一种无需额外传感器、地图或学习模型的低成本、高效提升导航鲁棒性与连续性的实用策略。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Reliable vehicle navigation in urban environments remains a challenging problem due to frequent satellite signal blockages caused by tall buildings and complex infrastructure. While fusing inertial reading with satellite positioning in an extended Kalman filter provides short-term navigation continuity, low-cost inertial sensors suffer from rapid error accumulation during prolonged outages. Existing information aiding approaches, such as the non-holonomic constraint, impose rigid equality assumptions on vehicle motion that may be violated under dynamic urban driving conditions, limiting their robustness precisely when aiding is most needed. In this paper, we propose a dual-branch information aiding framework that fuses equality and inequality motion constraints through a variance-weighted scheme, requiring only a software modification to an existing navigation filter with no additional sensors or hardware. The proposed method is evaluated on four publicly available urban datasets featuring various inertial sensors, road conditions, and dynamics, covering a total duration of 4.3 hours of recorded data. Under Full GNSS availability, the method reduces vertical position error by 16.7% and improves altitude accuracy by 50.1% over the standard non-holonomic constraint. Under GNSS-denied conditions, vertical drift is reduced by 24.2% and altitude accuracy improves by 20.2%. These results demonstrate that replacing hard motion equality assumptions with physically motivated inequality bounds is a practical and cost-free strategy for improving navigation resilience, continuity, and drift robustness without relying on additional sensors, map data, or learned models.

导航融合惯性定位约束优化

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