arXiv:2602.21746cs.AI2026-02

提出可解释的多利益相关方伦理决策框架,提升AI治理透明度。

fEDM+: A Risk-Based Fuzzy Ethical Decision Making Framework with Principle-Level Explainability and Pluralistic Validation

  • 通过原则溯源模块,将决策与道德准则关联并量化贡献度。
  • 采用多参照验证机制,支持不同价值观下的伦理分歧形式化表达。
  • 适合用于高风险AI系统的伦理审查与监管,增强决策可信度。

此前我们提出了基于模糊逻辑的风险导向伦理决策框架fEDM,结合模糊伦理风险评估模块(fERA)与伦理决策规则,利用模糊佩特里网(FPNs)实现形式化结构验证,并以单一规范参照进行输出验证。尽管该方法保证了形式严谨性与决策一致性,但未能充分解决两个关键挑战:决策的原理级可解释性及在伦理多元背景下的鲁棒性。本文从两方面扩展fEDM:首先引入可解释性与可追溯性模块(ETM),明确链接每条伦理规则与其背后的道德原则,并为每个推荐动作计算加权原则贡献度,实现透明、可审计的解释;其次,将单参照验证替换为多利益相关方语义验证框架,对多个编码不同原则优先级与风险容忍度的参照进行评估。该设计使原则性分歧得以形式化呈现而非压制,显著提升系统鲁棒性与情境敏感性。扩展后的框架fEDM+在保持形式可验证性的同时,实现了更强的可解释性与利益相关方感知验证,适用于高伦理敏感度AI系统的监督与治理。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

In a previous work, we introduced the fuzzy Ethical Decision-Making framework (fEDM), a risk-based ethical reasoning architecture grounded in fuzzy logic. The original model combined a fuzzy Ethical Risk Assessment module (fERA) with ethical decision rules, enabled formal structural verification through Fuzzy Petri Nets (FPNs), and validated outputs against a single normative referent. Although this approach ensured formal soundness and decision consistency, it did not fully address two critical challenges: principled explainability of decisions and robustness under ethical pluralism. In this paper, we extend fEDM in two major directions. First, we introduce an Explainability and Traceability Module (ETM) that explicitly links each ethical decision rule to the underlying moral principles and computes a weighted principle-contribution profile for every recommended action. This enables transparent, auditable explanations that expose not only what decision was made but why, and on the basis of which principles. Second, we replace single-referent validation with a pluralistic semantic validation framework that evaluates decisions against multiple stakeholder referents, each encoding distinct principle priorities and risk tolerances. This shift allows principled disagreement to be formally represented rather than suppressed, thus increasing robustness and contextual sensitivity. The resulting extended fEDM, called fEDM+, preserves formal verifiability while achieving enhanced interpretability and stakeholder-aware validation, making it suitable as an oversight and governance layer for ethically sensitive AI systems.

伦理决策可解释AI多利益方

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