用无人机群生成连续长距离车流轨迹,解决时间对齐与车辆匹配难题。
The Swarm Intelligence Freeway-Urban Trajectories (SWIFTraj) Dataset -- Part II: A Graph-Based Approach for Trajectory Connection
- 构建无向图表示灵活无人机布局,通过轨迹匹配最小化实现自动时间对齐。
- 真实数据测试显示时间误差小于0.1秒,车辆匹配F1-score达0.99。
- 适合交通分析、智能网联汽车研究者,尤其关注大规模轨迹采集场景。
在本系列论文的第一部分中,我们介绍了SWIFTraj——一个使用无人机群采集的开源车辆轨迹数据集。该数据集具有两大特征:首先,通过连接连续无人机视频中的轨迹,提供了超过4.5公里的长距离连续轨迹;其次,覆盖了高速公路及其连接的城市道路组成的综合交通网络。由于需在多视频间实现精确时间对齐及应对无人机不规则空间分布,从无人机群获取此类连续轨迹极具挑战。本文提出一种基于图的轨迹连接方法:构建无向图表示灵活无人机布局,设计基于轨迹匹配代价最小化的自动时间对齐方法以估计视频间最优时间偏移;并利用匈牙利算法建立车辆匹配表,关联不同视频中同一车辆的轨迹。该方法在模拟与真实数据上进行评估,真实实验结果表明时间对齐误差在三帧以内(约0.1秒),车辆匹配F1-score约为0.99。结果证明该方法有效应对无人机轨迹连接中的关键挑战,具备大规模车辆轨迹采集的潜力。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
In Part I of this companion paper series, we introduced SWIFTraj, a new open-source vehicle trajectory dataset collected using a unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) swarm. The dataset has two distinctive features. First, by connecting trajectories across consecutive UAV videos, it provides long-distance continuous trajectories, with the longest exceeding 4.5 km. Second, it covers an integrated traffic network consisting of both freeways and their connected urban roads. Obtaining such long-distance continuous trajectories from a UAV swarm is challenging, due to the need for accurate time alignment across multiple videos and the irregular spatial distribution of UAVs. To address these challenges, this paper proposes a novel graph-based approach for connecting vehicle trajectories captured by a UAV swarm. An undirected graph is constructed to represent flexible UAV layouts, and an automatic time alignment method based on trajectory matching cost minimization is developed to estimate optimal time offsets across videos. To associate trajectories of the same vehicle observed in different videos, a vehicle matching table is established using the Hungarian algorithm. The proposed approach is evaluated using both simulated and real-world data. Results from real-world experiments show that the time alignment error is within three video frames, corresponding to approximately 0.1 s, and that the vehicle matching achieves an F1-score of about 0.99. These results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method in addressing key challenges in UAV-based trajectory connection and highlight its potential for large-scale vehicle trajectory collection.
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