针对dMRI低信噪比问题,提出新型去噪损失函数,有效抑制瑞利噪声偏差与波动。
Unsupervised Denoising of Diffusion-Weighted Images with Bias and Variance Corrected Noise Modeling

- 基于瑞利噪声统计特性设计双损失函数,分别校正均值与平方信号偏差。
- 在模拟与真实数据上显著提升图像质量,改善扩散指标可靠性。
- 无需修改网络结构,适合低信噪比下医学影像的稳健分析,适合科研与临床应用。
扩散磁共振成像(dMRI)在临床诊断和神经科学研究中至关重要,但其固有的低信噪比(SNR),尤其在高扩散加权条件下,严重损害图像质量并影响下游分析。近年来自监督与无监督去噪方法通过不依赖干净参考图像来提升图像质量,但多数方法未显式考虑dMRI幅值数据中常见的非高斯噪声特性,导致在低信噪比条件下出现系统性偏差与异方差性。为克服此局限,本文提出噪声校正训练目标,显式建模瑞利统计特性。具体提出两种替代损失函数:一种基于一阶矩以消除均值偏差,另一种基于二阶矩以校正平方信号偏差。两者均包含自适应加权以应对方差异质性,且无需改变网络架构。这些目标被集成于图像特定的无监督深度图像先验(DIP)框架中。在模拟与在体dMRI上的全面实验表明,所提损失能有效减少瑞利偏差并抑制噪声波动,生成更高质量图像,获得比现有先进基线更可靠的扩散指标。结果凸显了在低信噪比条件下具备偏差与方差感知的噪声建模对鲁棒dMRI分析的重要性。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Diffusion magnetic resonance imaging (dMRI) plays a vital role in both clinical diagnostics and neuroscience research. However, its inherently low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), especially under high diffusion weighting, significantly degrades image quality and impairs downstream analysis. Recent self-supervised and unsupervised denoising methods offer a practical solution by enhancing image quality without requiring clean references. However, most of these methods do not explicitly account for the non-Gaussian noise characteristics commonly present in dMRI magnitude data during the supervised learning process, potentially leading to systematic bias and heteroscedastic variance, particularly under low-SNR conditions. To overcome this limitation, we introduce noise-corrected training objectives that explicitly model Rician statistics. Specifically, we propose two alternative loss functions: one derived from the first-order moment to remove mean bias, and another from the second-order moment to correct squared-signal bias. Both losses include adaptive weighting to account for variance heterogeneity and can be used without changing the network architecture. These objectives are instantiated in an image-specific, unsupervised Deep Image Prior (DIP) framework. Comprehensive experiments on simulated and in-vivo dMRI show that the proposed losses effectively reduce Rician bias and suppress noise fluctuations, yielding higher image quality and more reliable diffusion metrics than state-of-the-art denoising baselines. These results underscore the importance of bias- and variance-aware noise modeling for robust dMRI analysis under low-SNR conditions.
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