arXiv:2602.22260cs.LGcs.NE2026-02

用大模型自动生成优化器模拟器,自动调节变异强度,提升进化算法性能。

Code World Models for Parameter Control in Evolutionary Algorithms

  • 用大模型生成优化器动态的代码模拟器,指导参数调控。
  • 在跳跃问题上达到100%成功率,优于所有自适应基线方法。
  • 无需最优轨迹或先验知识,适合缺乏理论模型的复杂优化场景。

能否让大模型学习优化器的行为并据此进行控制?本文将代码世界模型(CWM)从确定性游戏扩展至随机组合优化问题。给定$(1{+}1)$-$\text{RLS}_k$的次优轨迹,大模型合成一个优化器动态的模拟器;通过贪婪规划在此模拟器上选择每一步的变异强度 $k$。在\lo{}和\onemax{}上,CWM-贪婪的表现仅比理论最优策略低6%,且从未见过最优轨迹。在\jump{$_k$}问题中,由于欺骗性洼地导致所有自适应基线方法失败(成功率0%),而CWM-贪婪实现100%成功率,且无需任何收集策略依赖间隙参数的真值知识。在无闭式模型的NK景观上,当提示中包含经验转移统计时,CWM-贪婪在15个独立生成实例中均优于所有基线(36.94 vs. 36.32;$p<0.001$)。CWM还优于DQN,在样本效率(200条离线轨迹对500次在线回合)、成功率(100%对58%)和泛化能力($k=3$时78%对0%)方面表现更优。鲁棒性实验表明,5次独立运行中合成结果稳定。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Can an LLM learn how an optimizer behaves -- and use that knowledge to control it? We extend Code World Models (CWMs), LLM-synthesized Python programs that predict environment dynamics, from deterministic games to stochastic combinatorial optimization. Given suboptimal trajectories of $(1{+}1)$-$\text{RLS}_k$, the LLM synthesizes a simulator of the optimizer's dynamics; greedy planning over this simulator then selects the mutation strength $k$ at each step. On \lo{} and \onemax{}, CWM-greedy performs within 6\% of the theoretically optimal policy -- without ever seeing optimal-policy trajectories. On \jump{$_k$}, where a deceptive valley causes all adaptive baselines to fail (0\% success rate), CWM-greedy achieves 100\% success rate -- without any collection policy using oracle knowledge of the gap parameter. On the NK-Landscape, where no closed-form model exists, CWM-greedy outperforms all baselines across fifteen independently generated instances ($36.94$ vs.\ $36.32$; $p<0.001$) when the prompt includes empirical transition statistics. The CWM also outperforms DQN in sample efficiency (200 offline trajectories vs.\ 500 online episodes), success rate (100\% vs.\ 58\%), and generalization ($k{=}3$: 78\% vs.\ 0\%). Robustness experiments confirm stable synthesis across 5 independent runs.

进化算法大模型参数控制自适应优化

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