联合优化量化位宽与低秩适配器,提升大模型微调效率。
AutoQRA: Joint Optimization of Mixed-Precision Quantization and Low-rank Adapters for Efficient LLM Fine-Tuning
- 同步优化每层的量化位宽和LoRA秩,避免传统顺序方法的局限。
- 在4比特内存预算下,性能接近全精度微调。
- 适合资源受限场景下的高效大模型微调,如边缘设备部署。
量化后进行参数高效微调已成为在严格GPU内存约束下下游适配的有前景范式。然而,这种顺序流程未能利用量化位宽与LoRA秩之间的复杂交互关系。具体而言,精心设计的低量化误差分配并不总能带来优异的微调表现,且在相同内存预算下,不同位宽与秩配置可能导致显著差异的结果。为解决此问题,我们提出AutoQRA,一个联合优化框架,在混合量化微调过程中同时优化各层的位宽与LoRA秩。针对大规模离散搜索空间及频繁微调迭代带来的高评估成本,AutoQRA将优化过程分为两阶段:首先进行全局多保真度进化搜索,初始种群通过注入层重要性先验进行热启动;该阶段采用特定算子与性能模型高效筛选候选配置;其次,应用信任域贝叶斯优化对搜索空间中优异区域进行局部精调,识别给定内存预算下的最优配置。该方法可在训练中主动补偿特定层的量化噪声。实验表明,AutoQRA在内存占用相当于统一4比特方法的同时,实现接近全精度微调的性能。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Quantization followed by parameter-efficient fine-tuning has emerged as a promising paradigm for downstream adaptation under tight GPU memory constraints. However, this sequential pipeline fails to leverage the intricate interaction between quantization bit-width and LoRA rank. Specifically, a carefully optimized quantization allocation with low quantization error does not always translate to strong fine-tuning performance, and different bit-width and rank configurations can lead to significantly varying outcomes under the same memory budget. To address this limitation, we propose AutoQRA, a joint optimization framework that simultaneously optimizes the bit-width and LoRA rank configuration for each layer during the mixed quantized fine-tuning process. To tackle the challenges posed by the large discrete search space and the high evaluation cost associated with frequent fine-tuning iterations, AutoQRA decomposes the optimization process into two stages. First, it first conducts a global multi-fidelity evolutionary search, where the initial population is warm-started by injecting layer-wise importance priors. This stage employs specific operators and a performance model to efficiently screen candidate configurations. Second, trust-region Bayesian optimization is applied to locally refine promising regions of the search space and identify optimal configurations under the given memory budget. This approach enables active compensation for quantization noise in specific layers during training. Experiments show that AutoQRA achieves performance close to full-precision fine-tuning with a memory footprint comparable to uniform 4-bit methods.
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