arXiv:2602.22459cs.ROcs.SY2026-02中稿 · IEEE T-ASE被引 3

让可变形无人机在狭窄空间灵活穿梭,直接用点云规划路径。

Hierarchical Trajectory Planning of Floating-Base Multi-Link Robot for Maneuvering in Confined Environments

  • 分层规划:先用整体姿态定大方向,再局部优化每段轨迹。
  • 实测验证:在真实环境中实现连续、无碰撞、动态可行的飞行轨迹。
  • 无需预设障碍物模型,直接处理原始点云数据,适合复杂场景。

浮动基多连杆机器人可在空中改变形态,适用于狭窄环境中的自主巡检与搜救任务。然而,这类系统轨迹规划仍面临挑战,因其处于高维、约束密集的空间中,需同时考虑避障、运动学限制与动力学可行性。本文提出一种分层轨迹规划框架,融合全局引导与构型感知的局部优化。首先,利用机器人根部刚体提供引导、关节柔性实现灵活调整的特点,生成全局锚点状态,将规划问题分解为可处理的子段。其次,设计局部轨迹规划器,通过可微目标与约束并行优化各子段,系统保证运动学可行性,并通过避免控制奇异性维持动力学可行性。第三,实现端到端系统,直接处理点云数据,无需人工构建障碍物模型。大量仿真与真实实验表明,该框架使铰接式飞行机器人能够利用其形变能力完成刚性机器人无法实现的机动。据我们所知,这是首个在真实机器人上成功演示的、直接从原始点云输入生成连续、无碰撞、动力学可行轨迹的浮动基多连杆机器人规划框架,且不依赖手工障碍物模型。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Floating-base multi-link robots can change their shape during flight, making them well-suited for applications in confined environments such as autonomous inspection and search and rescue. However, trajectory planning for such systems remains an open challenge because the problem lies in a high-dimensional, constraint-rich space where collision avoidance must be addressed together with kinematic limits and dynamic feasibility. This work introduces a hierarchical trajectory planning framework that integrates global guidance with configuration-aware local optimization. First, we exploit the dual nature of these robots - the root link as a rigid body for guidance and the articulated joints for flexibility - to generate global anchor states that decompose the planning problem into tractable segments. Second, we design a local trajectory planner that optimizes each segment in parallel with differentiable objectives and constraints, systematically enforcing kinematic feasibility and maintaining dynamic feasibility by avoiding control singularities. Third, we implement a complete system that directly processes point-cloud data, eliminating the need for handcrafted obstacle models. Extensive simulations and real-world experiments confirm that this framework enables an articulated aerial robot to exploit its morphology for maneuvering that rigid robots cannot achieve. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first planning framework for floating-base multi-link robots that has been demonstrated on a real robot to generate continuous, collision-free, and dynamically feasible trajectories directly from raw point-cloud inputs, without relying on handcrafted obstacle models.

机器人规划点云处理飞行机器人形变机构

Thank you to arXiv for use of its open access interoperability. PaperDance 不是 arXiv 官方产品;中文卡片由大模型生成,请以原文为准。