CeRA通过推理时保留非线性,突破了低秩微调的线性瓶颈。
CeRA: Breaking the Linear Ceiling of Low-Rank Adaptation with Non-linearity Retained at Inference
- 在推理阶段引入SiLU门控和丢弃,实现非线性表达
- 秩64时在MATH上达到23.6%准确率,仅需LoRA的1/8参数
- 适合追求高效率与高性能平衡的模型轻量化场景
低秩适配(LoRA)主导参数高效微调(PEFT),但受限于线性约束,增加秩带来的表达能力提升逐渐减弱。我们提出CeRA(容量增强型秩适配),一种权重级并行适配器,在推理时注入SiLU门控和丢弃以维持非线性,使其不同于训练时有非线性、推理时退化为仿射映射的适配器。在基础算术(GSM8K)与复杂数学(MATH)基准上,CeRA显著更高效。在完整秩×学习率扫描中,秩64的CeRA在网格中取得最高MATH pass@1(23.6%),优于秩512的LoRA(22.4%)和DoRA(19.8%),且仅用1/8参数。固定秩与学习率下,CeRA在12组对比中10组表现持平或超越LoRA。谱分析显示,CeRA的更新更广泛利用奇异值谱,而线性适配器在高秩时出现秩坍缩;但尺度匹配对照表明,差异主要源于输出尺度,部分来自非线性。此外,丢弃主要起正则化作用而非扩大秩。代码已开源:https://github.com/hhchen1105/cera。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Low-Rank Adaptation (LoRA) dominates parameter-efficient fine-tuning (PEFT). However, it faces a ``linear ceiling'': increasing the rank yields diminishing returns in expressive capacity due to linear constraints. We introduce CeRA (Capacity-enhanced Rank Adaptation), a weight-level parallel adapter that injects SiLU gating and dropout to induce non-linearity during inference, thereby placing it in a different function class from adapters whose non-linearity exists during training and collapses to an affine map at inference time. On both the basic arithmetic (GSM8K) and the complex MATH benchmark, CeRA is markedly more parameter-efficient. Across a full rank $\times$ learning rate sweep, CeRA at rank 64 achieves the highest MATH pass@1 of any configuration in the grid (23.6\%), matching or exceeding both a rank-512 LoRA (22.4\%) and DoRA (19.8\%) while using only 1/8 of the parameter budget. With the rank and learning rate fixed, CeRA equals or outperforms LoRA in 10 of 12 matched settings. Spectrally, CeRA's learned updates utilize the singular-value spectrum more broadly than linear adapters, which exhibit rank collapse at high rank, although a scale-matched control shows that this difference stems mostly from output scale and partially from non-linearity. Additionally, dropout appears to contribute to regularization rather than rank expansion. We release the code for reproducibility: https://github.com/hhchen1105/cera.
Thank you to arXiv for use of its open access interoperability. PaperDance 不是 arXiv 官方产品;中文卡片由大模型生成,请以原文为准。