arXiv:2602.22983cs.AIcs.CR2026-02被引 8

用古文优化提示词,让大模型更容易被绕过安全限制。

Obscure but Effective: Classical Chinese Jailbreak Prompt Optimization via Bio-Inspired Search

  • 用仿生搜索算法生成古文恶意提示,自动优化攻击效果。
  • 在黑盒场景下攻击成功率显著高于现有方法。
  • 适合研究模型安全、对抗攻击的学者与工程师。

随着大语言模型(LLMs)广泛应用,其安全风险日益受到关注。现有研究显示,LLMs极易遭受越狱攻击,且攻击效果受语言环境影响显著。本文探究古文在越狱攻击中的作用:因其简洁隐晦,可部分绕过现有安全机制,暴露大模型显著漏洞。基于此,本文提出CC-BOS框架,通过多维果蝇优化算法自动生成古文对抗性提示,实现黑盒环境下的高效自动化越狱攻击。提示词被编码为八个策略维度——角色、行为、机制、隐喻、表达、知识、触发模式和上下文,并通过气味搜索、视觉搜索与柯西变异迭代优化。该设计有效拓展搜索空间,提升攻击效能。为进一步提升可读性与评估准确性,我们还构建了古文到英文的翻译模块。大量实验表明,所提方法在黑盒攻击中持续优于当前最优越狱攻击技术。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

As Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly used, their security risks have drawn increasing attention. Existing research reveals that LLMs are highly susceptible to jailbreak attacks, with effectiveness varying across language contexts. This paper investigates the role of classical Chinese in jailbreak attacks. Owing to its conciseness and obscurity, classical Chinese can partially bypass existing safety constraints, exposing notable vulnerabilities in LLMs. Based on this observation, this paper proposes a framework, CC-BOS, for the automatic generation of classical Chinese adversarial prompts based on multi-dimensional fruit fly optimization, facilitating efficient and automated jailbreak attacks in black-box settings. Prompts are encoded into eight policy dimensions-covering role, behavior, mechanism, metaphor, expression, knowledge, trigger pattern and context; and iteratively refined via smell search, visual search, and cauchy mutation. This design enables efficient exploration of the search space, thereby enhancing the effectiveness of black-box jailbreak attacks. To enhance readability and evaluation accuracy, we further design a classical Chinese to English translation module. Extensive experiments demonstrate that effectiveness of the proposed CC-BOS, consistently outperforming state-of-the-art jailbreak attack methods.

越狱攻击古文生成优化算法模型安全

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