arXiv:2602.22985stat.MLcs.IT2026-02

提出新相关性度量,能检测复杂数据间的非线性依赖关系。

Kernel Integrated $R^2$: A Measure of Dependence

  • 结合核方法与局部归一化,扩展传统相关性度量适用范围。
  • 理论证明取值在[0,1],零值对应独立,一值对应函数依赖。
  • 适用于多变量、函数型及结构化数据,适合高维非线性分析场景。

我们提出核积分$R^2$,一种新的统计依赖度量,融合了近期提出的积分$R^2$的局部归一化原则与再生核希尔伯特空间(RKHS)的灵活性。该度量将积分$R^2$从标量响应扩展到具有特征核的一般空间上的响应,可测量多变量、函数型及结构化数据的依赖关系,同时对尾部行为和振荡依赖结构保持敏感。我们证明:(i) 该度量取值于$[0,1]$;(ii) 仅当变量独立时为零;(iii) 仅当响应几乎必然为协变量的可测函数时为一。提出两种估计器:基于$K$-近邻的图方法与基于条件均值嵌入的RKHS方法。证明了图方法的一致性并推导其收敛速率,显示其对内在维度的自适应性。模拟数据和真实媒体注释依赖性测试实验表明,其在非线性与结构化关系场景下性能优于现有主流依赖度量。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

We introduce kernel integrated $R^2$, a new measure of statistical dependence that combines the local normalization principle of the recently introduced integrated $R^2$ with the flexibility of reproducing kernel Hilbert spaces (RKHSs). The proposed measure extends integrated $R^2$ from scalar responses to responses taking values on general spaces equipped with a characteristic kernel, allowing to measure dependence of multivariate, functional, and structured data, while remaining sensitive to tail behaviour and oscillatory dependence structures. We establish that (i) this new measure takes values in $[0,1]$, (ii) equals zero if and only if independence holds, and (iii) equals one if and only if the response is almost surely a measurable function of the covariates. Two estimators are proposed: a graph-based method using $K$-nearest neighbours and an RKHS-based method built on conditional mean embeddings. We prove consistency and derive convergence rates for the graph-based estimator, showing its adaptation to intrinsic dimensionality. Numerical experiments on simulated data and a real data experiment in the context of dependency testing for media annotations demonstrate competitive power against state-of-the-art dependence measures, particularly in settings involving non-linear and structured relationships.

相关性度量核方法依赖检测非线性关系

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