用神经算子分解物理过程,实现跨场景的高精度时序预测。
Learning Physical Operators using Neural Operators
- 将PDE拆解为非线性与线性算子,分别用神经算子和固定差分卷积学习。
- 在不可压缩与可压缩纳维-斯托克斯方程上实现优于传统方法的泛化性能。
- 支持连续时间预测且参数高效,适合需要物理可解释性的研究者。
神经算子作为求解偏微分方程(PDE)的替代模型表现出色,但泛化能力受限于训练分布,且常受固定时间离散化约束。本文提出一种融合物理信息的训练框架,通过算子分裂方法分解PDE,分别训练神经算子学习独立的非线性物理算子,同时以固定有限差分卷积近似线性算子。该模块化混合专家架构显式编码算子结构,实现对新物理场景的泛化。建模任务被表述为神经常微分方程(ODE),所学算子作为右侧项,借助标准ODE求解器实现连续时间预测,并隐式满足PDE约束。在不可压缩与可压缩纳维-斯托克斯方程上的实验表明,该方法收敛更快、泛化性能更优。方法保持参数高效,支持超出训练时长的时序外推,并提供可验证物理行为的可解释组件。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Neural operators have emerged as promising surrogate models for solving partial differential equations (PDEs), but struggle to generalise beyond training distributions and are often constrained to a fixed temporal discretisation. This work introduces a physics-informed training framework that addresses these limitations by decomposing PDEs using operator splitting methods, training separate neural operators to learn individual non-linear physical operators while approximating linear operators with fixed finite-difference convolutions. This modular mixture-of-experts architecture enables generalisation to novel physical regimes by explicitly encoding the underlying operator structure. We formulate the modelling task as a neural ordinary differential equation (ODE) where these learned operators constitute the right-hand side, enabling continuous-in-time predictions through standard ODE solvers and implicitly enforcing PDE constraints. Demonstrated on incompressible and compressible Navier--Stokes equations, our approach achieves better convergence and superior performance when generalising to unseen physics. The method remains parameter-efficient, enabling temporal extrapolation beyond training horizons, and provides interpretable components whose behaviour can be verified against known physics.
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