arXiv:2602.23283cs.RO2026-02被引 2

用简单模型精准模拟水下软体机器鱼,实现高效控制与学习。

Simple Models, Real Swimming: Digital Twins for Tendon-Driven Underwater Robots

  • 采用无状态流体模型,仅需两组实测轨迹校准参数。
  • 在不同驱动频率下保持高精度,93%成功率完成目标追踪。
  • 开源仿真环境支持强化学习,适合水下机器人研发者使用。

模仿游泳生物的优美运动仍是软体机器人领域的核心挑战,源于流固耦合的复杂性及对仿生柔性体的控制难题。现有建模方法通常计算成本高,难以支撑复杂控制或强化学习以实现真实运动。本文提出一种肌腱驱动的鱼形机器人,基于通用机器人框架MuJoCo,采用简化的无状态流体动力学模型。仅用两个真实游泳轨迹,便识别出五个流体参数,使模拟行为匹配实验数据,并在多种驱动频率下实现泛化。该无状态模型能推广至未见驱动条件,优于经典解析模型(如细长体理论)。仿真运行速度超过实时,可轻松支持下游学习算法,如强化学习用于目标追踪,成功率达93%。由于模型简洁易用且开源,结果表明:只要与物理数据精确匹配,即使简单的无状态模型也可作为软体水下机器人的有效数字孪生,为水下环境中的可扩展学习与控制开辟新路径。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Mimicking the graceful motion of swimming animals remains a core challenge in soft robotics due to the complexity of fluid-structure interaction and the difficulty of controlling soft, biomimetic bodies. Existing modeling approaches are often computationally expensive and impractical for complex control or reinforcement learning needed for realistic motions to emerge in robotic systems. In this work, we present a tendon-driven fish robot modeled in an efficient underwater swimmer environment using a simplified, stateless hydrodynamics formulation implemented in the widespread robotics framework MuJoCo. With just two real-world swimming trajectories, we identify five fluid parameters that allow a matching to experimental behavior and generalize across a range of actuation frequencies. We show that this stateless fluid model can generalize to unseen actuation and outperform classical analytical models such as the elongated body theory. This simulation environment runs faster than real-time and can easily enable downstream learning algorithms such as reinforcement learning for target tracking, reaching a 93% success rate. Due to the simplicity and ease of use of the model and our open-source simulation environment, our results show that even simple, stateless models -- when carefully matched to physical data -- can serve as effective digital twins for soft underwater robots, opening up new directions for scalable learning and control in aquatic environments.

软体机器人数字孪生强化学习水下仿真

Thank you to arXiv for use of its open access interoperability. PaperDance 不是 arXiv 官方产品;中文卡片由大模型生成,请以原文为准。