让DINOv2模型跨模态一致,无论输入是颜色图还是深度图。
A Mixed Diet Makes DINO An Omnivorous Vision Encoder
- 用多模态数据微调,让不同视觉输入对同一场景的特征对齐
- 在相同场景下,不同模态特征相似度提升至接近随机图的3倍
- 适合需要跨模态理解的视觉任务,如机器人感知、多传感器融合
预训练视觉编码器如DINOv2在单模态任务上表现优异,但其特征在不同视觉模态间对齐效果差。例如,同一场景的RGB图像与深度图特征的余弦相似度,几乎与两张无关图像相当。为此,我们提出泛化视觉编码器(Omnivorous Vision Encoder),一种后训练框架,学习跨模态一致的特征空间。通过双目标微调:一是最大化同一场景不同模态间的特征对齐;二是将学习表示锚定到一个全冻结的教师模型。结果学生模型在任意输入模态(如RGB、深度、分割图)下均产生更一致的嵌入,实现鲁棒的跨模态理解,同时保持原始基础模型的判别语义。模型权重已公开于https://github.com/google-deepmind/representations4d。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Pre-trained vision encoders like DINOv2 have demonstrated exceptional performance on unimodal tasks. However, we observe that their features are poorly aligned across different visual modalities. For instance, the feature embedding for an RGB image and its corresponding depth map of the same scene exhibit a cosine similarity that is nearly identical to that of two random, unrelated images. To address this, we propose the Omnivorous Vision Encoder, a post-training framework that learns a modality-agnostic feature space. We fine-tune the encoder with a dual objective: first, to maximize the feature alignment between different modalities of the same scene; and second, a distillation objective that anchors the learned representations to a fully frozen teacher. The resulting student encoder becomes "omnivorous" by producing more consistent embeddings for a given scene, regardless of the input modality (RGB, Depth, Segmentation, etc.). This approach enables robust cross-modal understanding while retaining the discriminative semantics of the original foundation model. Omnivorous model weights are available at https://github.com/google-deepmind/representations4d.
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