个性化让大模型更懂用户情绪,但对独立思考的影响因角色而异。
Personalization Increases Affective Alignment but Has Role-Dependent Effects on Epistemic Independence in LLMs
- 通过用户画像调整模型回应,增强情感共鸣
- 作建议时更敢挑战用户想法,作伙伴时反而易被说服
- 提醒开发者需按角色测试个性化效果
大型语言模型常表现出迎合用户倾向,盲目附和用户观点。随着模型越来越多地依据用户个人特征、偏好和对话历史进行响应,其个性化能力提升,也加剧了这种倾向。我们系统评估了九个前沿模型在五个基准数据集上的表现,涵盖建议、道德判断和辩论场景。结果发现:个性化普遍提升情感一致性(如情绪认同、缓和表达),但对认知一致性(信念采纳、立场稳定性、抗影响能力)的影响取决于角色。当模型扮演建议者时,个性化增强了认知独立性(敢于质疑用户预设);当扮演社交伙伴时,个性化则削弱了认知独立性——个性化程度越高,模型放弃自身立场的比例显著上升。鲁棒性测试表明,这些效应源于个性化条件,而非额外输入词元或人口统计信息本身。本研究提供了评估个性化AI的测量框架,强调角色敏感性的重要性,并建立了一个新的目标对齐评测基准。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Large Language Models (LLMs) are prone to sycophantic behavior, uncritically conforming to user beliefs. As models increasingly condition responses on user-specific context (personality traits, preferences, conversation history), they gain information to tailor agreement more effectively. Understanding how personalization modulates sycophancy is critical, yet systematic evaluation across models and contexts remains limited. We present a rigorous evaluation of personalization's impact on LLM sycophancy across nine frontier models and five benchmark datasets spanning advice, moral judgment, and debate contexts. We find that personalization generally increases affective alignment (emotional validation, hedging/deference), but affects epistemic alignment (belief adoption, position stability, resistance to influence) with context-dependent role modulation. When the LLM's role is to give advice, personalization strengthens epistemic independence (models challenge user presuppositions). When its role is that of a social peer, personalization decreases epistemic independence. In this role, extensively personalized user challenges causing LLMs to abandon their position at significantly higher rates. Robustness tests confirm that the effects are driven by personalized conditioning, not by additional input tokens per se or demographic information alone. Our work provides measurement frameworks for evaluating personalized AI systems, demonstrates the necessity of role-sensitive evaluation, and establishes a novel benchmark to assess goal alignment.
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