arXiv:2603.00196cs.CRcs.AI2026-03ACL

Talaria让云上大模型推理不再泄露用户隐私,同时保持性能和效率。

Your Inference Request Will Become a Black Box: Confidential Inference for Cloud-based Large Language Models

  • 将敏感计算放客户端可信虚拟机,权重计算交由云端,分权保护数据
  • 对抗攻击下令牌重建准确率从97.5%降至1.34%,输出完全一致无损失
  • 适合对隐私要求高的金融、医疗等场景使用,兼顾安全与可用性

随着大语言模型(LLM)越来越多地部署在云端,用户的提示词和回复等敏感数据面临被服务提供商泄露的风险。现有方法无法同时保障隐私、模型性能与计算效率。为此,我们提出Talaria,一种分层式私密推理框架:将不依赖权重的敏感操作在客户端控制的可信虚拟机(CVM)中执行,而将依赖权重的计算任务外包至云端GPU。两者间的交互通过可逆掩码外包(ReMO)协议保障安全,采用混合掩码技术可逆地隐藏中间数据。大量实验表明,Talaria能有效防御最先进的令牌推断攻击,使令牌重建准确率从超过97.5%降低至平均1.34%,且输出与原始模型完全一致,无性能损耗,具备良好的效率与可扩展性。据我们所知,这是首个在保护用户提示与响应隐私的同时,兼顾模型知识产权、推理质量与效率的方案。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

The increasing reliance on cloud-hosted Large Language Models (LLMs) exposes sensitive client data, such as prompts and responses, to potential privacy breaches by service providers. Existing approaches fail to ensure privacy, maintain model performance, and preserve computational efficiency simultaneously. To address this challenge, we propose Talaria, a confidential inference framework that partitions the LLM pipeline to protect client data without compromising the cloud's model intellectual property or inference quality. Talaria executes sensitive, weight-independent operations within a client-controlled Confidential Virtual Machine (CVM) while offloading weight-dependent computations to the cloud GPUs. The interaction between these environments is secured by our Reversible Masked Outsourcing (ReMO) protocol, which uses a hybrid masking technique to reversibly obscure intermediate data before outsourcing computations. Extensive evaluations show that Talaria can defend against state-of-the-art token inference attacks, reducing token reconstruction accuracy from over 97.5% to an average of 1.34%, all while being a lossless mechanism that guarantees output identical to the original model without significantly decreasing efficiency and scalability. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first work that ensures clients' prompts and responses remain inaccessible to the cloud, while also preserving model privacy, performance, and efficiency.

隐私保护大模型可信计算云安全

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