无需技巧即可生成完整分辨率图像,量子生成模型突破规模瓶颈。
Scaling Quantum Machine Learning without Tricks: Full-Resolution and Diverse Image Generation
- 直接在完整数据集上训练量子生成器,不依赖降维或分块处理
- 在MNIST和Fashion-MNIST上实现全类别的高保真图像生成,性能达新高
- 适用于彩色图像与噪声鲁棒场景,适合探索量子生成建模的科研人员
量子生成建模是量子计算与机器学习交叉的快速演进领域。当前量子机器学习多局限于玩具样本或元素极少的受限数据集,不仅受硬件限制,也因缺乏面向应用的归纳偏置。现有方案常依赖降维或多个量子模型处理低分辨率图像块等技巧。本文基于经典图像到量子计算机的最新进展,绕过这些限制,在标准的MNIST和Fashion-MNIST数据集上训练量子Wasserstein GAN。使用完整数据集,系统实现了十类全分辨率图像生成,并以单一端到端量子生成器达成新状态水平性能。作为原理验证,我们还将方法拓展至彩色图像(街景房屋编号数据集)。分析表明,变分电路架构的选择引入关键归纳偏置,显著提升性能。此外,增强噪声输入技术在保持质量的同时实现高度多样化的图像生成。最后,即使在量子采样噪声条件下仍表现出良好效果。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Quantum generative modeling is a rapidly evolving discipline at the intersection of quantum computing and machine learning. Contemporary quantum machine learning is generally limited to toy examples or heavily restricted datasets with few elements. This is not only due to the current limitations of available quantum hardware but also due to the absence of inductive biases arising from application-agnostic designs. Current quantum solutions must resort to tricks to scale down high-resolution images, such as relying heavily on dimensionality reduction or utilizing multiple quantum models for low-resolution image patches. Building on recent developments in classical image loading to quantum computers, we circumvent these limitations and train quantum Wasserstein GANs on the established classical MNIST and Fashion-MNIST datasets. Using the complete datasets, our system generates full-resolution images across all ten classes and establishes a new state-of-the-art performance with a single end-to-end quantum generator without tricks. As a proof-of-principle, we also demonstrate that our approach can be extended to color images, exemplified on the Street View House Numbers dataset. We analyze how the choice of variational circuit architecture introduces inductive biases, which crucially unlock this performance. Furthermore, enhanced noise input techniques enable highly diverse image generation while maintaining quality. Finally, we show promising results even under quantum shot noise conditions.
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