arXiv:2603.00267cs.AIcs.IR2026-03被引 7

用知识图谱和智能代理自动查证事实,提升准确性。

Multi-Sourced, Multi-Agent Evidence Retrieval for Fact-Checking

  • 以知识图谱为核心,通过智能体动态检索结构化证据
  • 在多个数据集上将准确率提升至87.3%,优于基线方法
  • 适合需要高精度事实核查的新闻、政策审查场景

网络上的虚假信息对社会和个人构成重大威胁,亟需高效可扩展的事实核查机制。现有方法依赖训练数据中的语义与社交上下文模式,难以泛化到新数据分布。近期基于检索增强生成(RAG)的方法利用大语言模型(LLM)的推理能力结合检索到的文档证据,但主要依赖文本相似性,难以捕捉复杂文档中的多跳语义关系,导致忽略证据与待验证声明之间的细微事实关联,影响判断准确性。为此,我们提出WKGFC,以授权开放知识图谱作为核心证据资源。设计了由LLM驱动的检索机制,评估待验证声明并检索最相关的知识子图,形成结构化证据。为进一步补充知识图谱,还从网络内容中检索并融合外部信息。整个过程构建为自动化的马尔可夫决策过程(MDP):一个推理型智能体根据当前证据和声明决定下一步操作。为适配事实核查任务,采用提示优化微调该智能体,显著提升查证效果。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Misinformation spreading over the Internet poses a significant threat to both societies and individuals, necessitating robust and scalable fact-checking that relies on retrieving accurate and trustworthy evidence. Previous methods rely on semantic and social-contextual patterns learned from training data, which limits their generalization to new data distributions. Recently, Retrieval Augmented Generation (RAG) based methods have been proposed to utilize the reasoning capability of LLMs with retrieved grounding evidence documents. However, these methods largely rely on textual similarity for evidence retrieval and struggle to retrieve evidence that captures multi-hop semantic relations within rich document contents. These limitations lead to overlooking subtle factual correlations between the evidence and the claims to be fact-checked during evidence retrieval, thus causing inaccurate veracity predictions. To address these issues, we propose WKGFC, which exploits authorized open knowledge graph as a core resource of evidence. LLM-enabled retrieval is designed to assess the claims and retrieve the most relevant knowledge subgraphs, forming structured evidence for fact verification. To augment the knowledge graph evidence, we retrieve web contents for completion. The above process is implemented as an automatic Markov Decision Process (MDP): A reasoning LLM agent decides what actions to take according to the current evidence and the claims. To adapt the MDP for fact-checking, we use prompt optimization to fine-tune the agentic LLM.

事实核查知识图谱智能体LLM

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