arXiv:2603.00372cs.CV2026-03

无需人工标注,自动分割同步辐射断层扫描图像。

Unsupervised Semantic Segmentation in Synchrotron Computed Tomography with Self-Correcting Pseudo Labels

  • 通过体素值聚类生成初始伪标签,构建语义地图。
  • 采用无偏教师框架自纠正伪标签,提升分割精度15.94%。
  • 适用于大尺寸高分辨率数据,适合材料科学与工业检测。

X射线计算机断层扫描(CT)是一种广泛使用的成像技术,能详细揭示物体内部结构;同步辐射断层扫描(SR-CT)利用更高能量、单色X射线,显著提升数据质量,实现更高分辨率、时间分辨实验和更少成像伪影。然而,其产生的数据量远超传统CT,准确高效地评估这些数据是关键挑战,而当前主要依赖人工标注,严重制约分析效率。尽管深度学习可提供纯数据驱动的解决方案,但其训练需大量标注数据,人工标注在实际中不可行。本文提出一种新框架,实现无需手动标注的大规模高分辨率SR-CT数据自动分割。首先基于体素值聚类生成伪标签,识别具有相似衰减系数的区域,形成初始语义图;随后在伪标签上训练分割模型,并采用无偏教师方法进行自纠正,确保最终分割准确性。在镁晶体SR-CT样本上,该方法相比基线伪标签,像素级准确率提升13.31%,平均交并比(mIoU)提升15.94%。我们还系统评估了分割模型、损失函数、伪标签策略及输入类型的影响。最后在两个额外样品上验证,结果表明本框架生成的分割明显优于原始伪标签。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

X-ray computed tomography (CT) is a widely used imaging technique that provides detailed examinations into the internal structure of an object with synchrotron CT (SR-CT) enabling improved data quality by using higher energy, monochromatic X-rays. While SR-CT allows for improved resolution, time-resolved experimentation, and reduced imaging artifacts, it also produces significantly larger datasets than conventional CT. Accurate and efficient evaluation of these datasets is a critical component of these workflows; yet is often done manually representing a major bottleneck in the analysis phase. While deep learning has emerged as a powerful tool capable of providing a wide range of purely data-driven solutions, it requires a substantial amount of labeled data for training and manual annotation of SR-CT datasets is impractical in practice. In this paper, we introduce a novel framework that enables automatic segmentation of large, high-resolution SR-CT datasets by eliminating the need to hand label images for deep learning training. First, we generate pseudo labels by clustering on the voxel values identifying regions in the volume with similar attenuation coefficients producing an initial semantic map. Afterwards, we train a segmentation model on the pseudo labels before utilizing the Unbiased Teacher approach to self-correct them ensuring accurate final segmentations. We find our approach improves pixel-wise accuracy and mIoU by 13.31% and 15.94%, respectively, over the baseline pseudo labels when using a magnesium crystal SR-CT sample. Additionally, we extensively evaluate the different components of our workflow including segmentation model, loss function, pseudo labeling strategy, and input type. Finally, we evaluate our approach on to two additional samples highlighting our frameworks ability to produce segmentations that are considerably better than the original pseudo labels.

图像分割同步辐射自监督伪标签

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