arXiv:2603.00881cs.CV2026-03

提出新方法,用少量标注数据精准分割血管,提升医学影像诊断效率。

Uncertainty-Aware Concept and Motion Segmentation for Semi-Supervised Angiography Videos

  • 基于SAM3设计师生框架,结合运动一致性建模复杂血管动态。
  • 在三个机构数据集上达到领先性能,仅需少量标注即可生效。
  • 引入渐进式置信度正则化,有效应对模糊边界和低对比度问题。

从X射线冠状动脉造影(XCA)序列中分割主要冠状动脉对冠心病诊断至关重要。然而,由于边界模糊、辐射对比度不一致、运动模式复杂以及标注数据匮乏,该任务极具挑战性。尽管半监督学习(SSL)可减轻标注负担,但传统方法在处理复杂时序动态和不可靠的不确定性量化方面表现不佳。为此,本文提出SMART框架——一种基于SAM3的师生结构,融合运动感知一致性与渐进式置信度正则化,用于XCA视频中的血管分割。首先,利用SAM3的可提示概念分割特性,构建师生架构以充分发挥两者性能潜力。其次,通过血管掩码形变技术和运动一致性损失建模复杂血管动态。为解决因边界模糊与对比度低导致教师预测不可靠的问题,进一步提出渐进式置信度感知一致性正则化机制。在来自三家不同机构的三个XCA数据集上的大量实验表明,SMART在仅需极少标注的情况下即达到当前最优性能,特别适用于真实临床场景中标签稀缺的情况。代码已开源:https://github.com/qimingfan10/SMART。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Segmentation of the main coronary artery from X-ray coronary angiography (XCA) sequences is crucial for the diagnosis of coronary artery diseases. However, this task is challenging due to issues such as blurred boundaries, inconsistent radiation contrast, complex motion patterns, and a lack of annotated images for training. Although Semi-Supervised Learning (SSL) can alleviate the annotation burden, conventional methods struggle with complicated temporal dynamics and unreliable uncertainty quantification. To address these challenges, we propose SAM3-based Teacher-student framework with Motion-Aware consistency and Progressive Confidence Regularization (SMART), a semi-supervised vessel segmentation approach for X-ray angiography videos. First, our method utilizes SAM3's unique promptable concept segmentation design and innovates a SAM3-based teacher-student framework to maximize the performance potential of both the teacher and the student. Second, we enhance segmentation by integrating the vessel mask warping technique and motion consistency loss to model complex vessel dynamics. To address the issue of unreliable teacher predictions caused by blurred boundaries and minimal contrast, we further propose a progressive confidence-aware consistency regularization to mitigate the risk of unreliable outputs. Extensive experiments on three datasets of XCA sequences from different institutions demonstrate that SMART achieves state-of-the-art performance while requiring significantly fewer annotations, making it particularly valuable for real-world clinical applications where labeled data is scarce. Our code is available at: https://github.com/qimingfan10/SMART.

医学图像半监督学习血管分割不确定性建模

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