arXiv:2603.01023cs.ROcs.AI2026-03被引 1

开源模块化基准测试让扩散模型运动规划可调参、可观测,贴近真实自动驾驶部署。

An Open-Source Modular Benchmark for Diffusion-Based Motion Planning in Closed-Loop Autonomous Driving

  • 将1.8万节点的扩散规划器拆成三个独立模块,支持运行时调整参数
  • 二级求解器在3步时将轨迹误差降低41%,缓存编码器提速3.2倍
  • 基于Autoware实车系统,适合关注真实部署的自动驾驶研究者

基于扩散模型的运动规划在nuPlan等基准上表现优异,但其在闭环生产级自动驾驶系统中的评估仍不充分。现有评估忽略ROS 2通信延迟和实时调度约束,且单体ONNX部署冻结所有求解参数。本文提出开源模块化基准:利用ONNX GraphSurgeon将18,398节点的扩散规划器分解为三个独立模块,并以原生C++重写DPM-Solver++去噪循环。集成至Autoware(全球部署的开源自动驾驶栈)作为ROS 2节点,实现无需重新编译即可配置求解参数,以及每一步去噪过程的可观测性,打破单体部署黑箱。不同于独立模拟器如CARLA,本基准在生产级栈中运行,并通过AWSIM闭环仿真验证。系统性对比DPM-Solver++(一阶与二阶)与DDIM在六种步数配置(N ∈ {3, 5, 7, 10, 15, 20})下的表现,结果表明编码器缓存使延迟降低3.2倍,二阶求解在N=3时使FDE降低41%。完整代码将开源,提供从仿真到实车部署的直接路径。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Diffusion-based motion planners have achieved state-of-the-art results on benchmarks such as nuPlan, yet their evaluation within closed-loop production autonomous driving stacks remains largely unexplored. Existing evaluations abstract away ROS 2 communication latency and real-time scheduling constraints, while monolithic ONNX deployment freezes all solver parameters at export time. We present an open-source modular benchmark that addresses both gaps: using ONNX GraphSurgeon, we decompose a monolithic 18,398 node diffusion planner into three independently executable modules and reimplement the DPM-Solver++ denoising loop in native C++. Integrated as a ROS 2 node within Autoware, the open-source AD stack deployed on real vehicles worldwide, the system enables runtime-configurable solver parameters without model recompilation and per-step observability of the denoising process, breaking the black box of monolithic deployment. Unlike evaluations in standalone simulators such as CARLA, our benchmark operates within a production-grade stack and is validated through AWSIM closed-loop simulation. Through systematic comparison of DPM-Solver++ (first- and second-order) and DDIM across six step-count configurations (N in {3, 5, 7, 10, 15, 20}), we show that encoder caching yields a 3.2x latency reduction, and that second-order solving reduces FDE by 41% at N=3 compared to first-order. The complete codebase will be released as open-source, providing a direct path from simulation benchmarks to real-vehicle deployment.

扩散模型运动规划自动驾驶模块化

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