用多专家代理分工问答,让机器人更高效完成长周期任务。
From Dialogue to Execution: Mixture-of-Agents Assisted Interactive Planning for Behavior Tree-Based Long-Horizon Robot Execution
- 多专家代理按职责分工回答问题,避免重复交互
- 减少27%人类干预,任务执行误差与基线相当
- 适合需要动态调整策略的现实机器人任务
大型语言模型可让机器人从自然语言生成高层行动规划,但长期任务中频繁提问使表格化计划难以管理。本文提出一种融合多专家代理(MoA)的交互式规划框架,生成行为树(BT)以结构化方式实现长期执行。将MoA设计为基于拒答的委托级联:每个专家仅回答其前提条件相关的疑问,其余问题原样传递,人类作为最终兜底。问题集被互斥划分,无需答案融合或仲裁,同时确保所有问题被解决。行为树以层次化结构表达任务逻辑,支持重试和动态切换机器人策略。在调酒任务实验中,该方法减少约27%的人类响应,生成的行为树在基线生成器的方差范围内。真实机器人在制作奶昔任务中成功完成长周期执行,具备自适应策略切换与失败恢复能力。进一步分析显示,框架的适用边界由最不可靠的动作节点决定,而非规划器本身。结果表明,该方法在提升对话效率的同时,保持了现实机器人任务的执行质量。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Interactive task planning with large language models (LLMs) lets robots generate high-level action plans from natural language, but over long horizons it asks many questions, and tabular plan representations become hard to manage. We propose a framework that integrates Mixture-of-Agents (MoA)-based proxy answering into interactive planning and generates Behavior Trees (BTs) for structured long-term execution. We formulate the MoA as an abstention-based delegation cascade: each expert agent answers only the questions entailed by its own prerequisite description, forwards the rest unchanged, and the human user acts as the terminal fallback. The question set is thus partitioned disjointly, so no answer fusion or arbitration is required while every question is still resolved. The BT represents task logic hierarchically and enables retry and dynamic switching among robot policies. Experiments on a cocktail-making task show that the method removes approximately 27% of the human responses while keeping the generated BTs within the baseline generator's own variance. Real-robot experiments on a smoothie-making task further demonstrate successful long-horizon execution with adaptive policy switching and recovery from action failures. We further analyze the failure modes of the framework and show that its applicability boundary is set by the reliability of the weakest action node rather than by the planner. These results indicate that MoA-assisted interactive planning improves dialogue efficiency while preserving execution quality in real-world robotic tasks.
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