通过内容重建提升多模态嵌入质量,让模型更紧凑高效。
Reconstructing Content with Collaborative Attention for Universal Multimodal Representation Learning
- 用协同注意力重构注意力流,以<EOS> token压缩输入语义。
- 在MMEB-V1上使Qwen2-VL等模型嵌入质量显著提升。
- 适合研究多模态表示学习与预训练方法的学者参考。
多模态嵌入模型基于多模态大语言模型(MLLMs)在检索、分类等任务中表现优异。然而,现有方法严重依赖大规模对比学习,对MLLM架构与训练范式如何影响嵌入质量关注不足。尽管生成能力强,但MLLM的因果注意力和下一步词预测范式并未显式促进全局紧凑表示的形成,限制了其作为多模态嵌入主干的效果。为此,我们提出CoCoA,一种基于协同注意力的内容重建预训练范式,用于优化多模态嵌入。具体地,重构注意力流程并引入基于<EOS>的重建任务,促使模型从对应的<EOS>嵌入中重建输入。这驱动模型将输入语义信息压缩至<EOS> token,为后续对比学习奠定基础。在MMEB-V1上的大量实验表明,基于Qwen2-VL和Qwen2.5-VL构建的CoCoA显著提升了嵌入质量。结果验证了内容重建是一种有效策略,能最大化现有数据价值,使多模态嵌入模型生成更紧凑、更具信息量的表示,突破性能上限。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Multimodal embedding models, rooted in multimodal large language models (MLLMs), have yielded significant performance improvements across diverse tasks such as retrieval and classification. However, most existing approaches rely heavily on large-scale contrastive learning, with limited exploration of how the architectural and training paradigms of MLLMs affect embedding quality. While effective for generation, the causal attention and next-token prediction paradigm of MLLMs does not explicitly encourage the formation of globally compact representations, limiting their effectiveness as multimodal embedding backbones. To address this, we propose CoCoA, a Content reconstruction pre-training paradigm based on Collaborative Attention for multimodal embedding optimization. Specifically, we restructure the attention flow and introduce an EOS-based reconstruction task, encouraging the model to reconstruct input from the corresponding <EOS> embeddings. This drives the multimodal model to compress the semantic information of the input into the <EOS> token, laying the foundations for subsequent contrastive learning. Extensive experiments on MMEB-V1 demonstrate that CoCoA built upon Qwen2-VL and Qwen2.5-VL significantly improves embedding quality. Results validate that content reconstruction serves as an effective strategy to maximize the value of existing data, enabling multimodal embedding models generate compact and informative representations, raising their performance ceiling.
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