通过图像对扰动的响应差异,实现跨模型通用的AI生成图像检测。
RA-Det: Towards Universal Detection of AI-Generated Images via Robustness Asymmetry
- 基于图像在微小扰动下的特征稳定性差异,提出行为驱动检测方法。
- 在14种生成模型上平均性能提升7.81%,超越10种现有强检测器。
- 无需模型指纹或训练数据,可泛化至未见生成器,适合实际部署。
近期图像生成模型产出高度逼真的内容,削弱了下游识别系统的可靠性。随着视觉外观线索减弱,依赖伪造痕迹或高层表征的外观驱动检测器变得不稳定。这促使检测范式从外观转向行为:关注图像对可控扰动的响应方式而非外观。本文发现一种简单且普遍的行为信号:自然图像在小而结构化的扰动下保持稳定的语义表征,而生成图像则表现出显著更大的特征漂移,称为鲁棒性不对称。我们提供理论分析,建立该不对称性与生成模型记忆倾向之间的下界关联,解释其在不同架构中的普遍性。基于此,提出鲁棒性不对称检测(RA-Det)框架,将该行为信号转化为可靠的判断依据。在14种多样生成模型及超过10种强检测器上评估,RA-Det实现更优性能,平均提升7.81%。该方法数据与模型无关,无需生成器指纹,且可迁移至未见过的生成器。结果表明,鲁棒性不对称是合成图像检测的稳定通用线索,精心设计的探针可将其转化为实用、普适的检测器。源代码已公开于Github。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Recent image generators produce photo-realistic content that undermines the reliability of downstream recognition systems. As visual appearance cues become less pronounced, appearance-driven detectors that rely on forensic cues or high-level representations lose stability. This motivates a shift from appearance to behavior, focusing on how images respond to controlled perturbations rather than how they look. In this work, we identify a simple and universal behavioral signal. Natural images preserve stable semantic representations under small, structured perturbations, whereas generated images exhibit markedly larger feature drift. We refer to this phenomenon as robustness asymmetry and provide a theoretical analysis that establishes a lower bound connecting this asymmetry to memorization tendencies in generative models, explaining its prevalence across architectures. Building on this insight, we introduce Robustness Asymmetry Detection (RA-Det), a behavior-driven detection framework that converts robustness asymmetry into a reliable decision signal. Evaluated across 14 diverse generative models and against more than 10 strong detectors, RA-Det achieves superior performance, improving the average performance by 7.81 percent. The method is data- and model-agnostic, requires no generator fingerprints, and transfers across unseen generators. Together, these results indicate that robustness asymmetry is a stable, general cue for synthetic-image detection and that carefully designed probing can turn this cue into a practical, universal detector. The source code is publicly available at Github.
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