arXiv:2603.02443cs.ROcs.HC2026-03中稿 · ICRA被引 2

结合模型与强化学习,实现机器人全身安全柔顺操作

Safe Whole-Body Loco-Manipulation via Combined Model and Learning-based Control

  • 臂部用模型驱动阻抗控制,腿部用强化学习规划运动
  • 实测在动态环境下实现精准力控与可靠基底速度估计
  • 适合需人机交互的复杂场景机器人系统开发

同时进行行走与操作使机器人能突破固定基座限制,与环境交互。但协调足式行走与臂部操作,并在接触交互中保证安全与柔顺仍具挑战。本文提出一种全身控制器,将基于模型的阻抗控制用于机械臂,配合强化学习策略控制四足行走。阻抗控制器可将外部力矩(如人机交互施加)映射为末端期望速度,实现柔顺响应;该速度由臂与腿控制器协同跟踪,达成统一的6自由度力反馈。模型化设计支持精确力控与通过参考调度器(RG)提供安全保证,同时采用神经网络增强的卡尔曼滤波提升基底速度估计鲁棒性。在仿真与硬件上使用配备6-DoF臂和腕装6-DoF力/扭矩传感器的Unitree Go2四足机器人验证,结果表明其能准确追踪交互驱动速度,表现出柔顺行为,并在动态环境中保持安全可靠性能。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Simultaneous locomotion and manipulation enables robots to interact with their environment beyond the constraints of a fixed base. However, coordinating legged locomotion with arm manipulation, while considering safety and compliance during contact interaction remains challenging. To this end, we propose a whole-body controller that combines a model-based admittance control for the manipulator arm with a Reinforcement Learning (RL) policy for legged locomotion. The admittance controller maps external wrenches--such as those applied by a human during physical interaction--into desired end-effector velocities, allowing for compliant behavior. The velocities are tracked jointly by the arm and leg controllers, enabling a unified 6-DoF force response. The model-based design permits accurate force control and safety guarantees via a Reference Governor (RG), while robustness is further improved by a Kalman filter enhanced with neural networks for reliable base velocity estimation. We validate our approach in both simulation and hardware using the Unitree Go2 quadruped robot with a 6-DoF arm and wrist-mounted 6-DoF Force/Torque sensor. Results demonstrate accurate tracking of interaction-driven velocities, compliant behavior, and safe, reliable performance in dynamic settings.

全身控制力控强化学习人机交互

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