用生成辅助判别方法,让多模态大模型更准更快地识别动作。
On Discriminative vs. Generative classifiers: Rethinking MLLMs for Action Understanding
- 用判别式结构+生成辅助训练,提升动作分类效率。
- 在五个数据集上平均提升2.5%准确率,推理速度加快3倍。
- 适合需要高效高精度动作识别的场景,如视频理解系统。
多模态大语言模型(MLLM)在开放世界动作理解中表现优异,可通过自回归生成动作标签作为生成式分类器应用于封闭集场景。但该方法效率低,且动作标签共享子词导致语义重叠,生成模糊。相比之下,判别式分类器学习任务特异性表示,具有清晰决策边界,支持一步分类,无需自回归解码。我们首次比较了生成式与判别式分类器在封闭集动作理解中的表现,发现后者在准确率和效率上均更优。为缩小性能差距,设计策略使生成式分类器逼近判别式性能。进一步表明,生成建模可补充判别式分类器,在保持效率的同时提升性能。为此提出生成辅助判别(GAD)分类器,仅在微调阶段使用,兼容MLLM预训练。在时间动作理解基准上广泛实验表明,GAD优于生成方法,四任务五数据集达最优,于最大规模COIN基准上实现平均2.5%准确率提升和3倍加速。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have advanced open-world action understanding and can be adapted as generative classifiers for closed-set settings by autoregressively generating action labels as text. However, this approach is inefficient, and shared subwords across action labels introduce semantic overlap, leading to ambiguity in generation. In contrast, discriminative classifiers learn task-specific representations with clear decision boundaries, enabling efficient one-step classification without autoregressive decoding. We first compare generative and discriminative classifiers with MLLMs for closed-set action understanding, revealing the superior accuracy and efficiency of the latter. To bridge the performance gap, we design strategies that elevate generative classifiers toward performance comparable with discriminative ones. Furthermore, we show that generative modeling can complement discriminative classifiers, leading to better performance while preserving efficiency. To this end, we propose Generation-Assisted Discriminative~(GAD) classifier for closed-set action understanding. GAD operates only during fine-tuning, preserving full compatibility with MLLM pretraining. Extensive experiments on temporal action understanding benchmarks demonstrate that GAD improves both accuracy and efficiency over generative methods, achieving state-of-the-art results on four tasks across five datasets, including an average 2.5% accuracy gain and 3x faster inference on our largest COIN benchmark.
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