arXiv:2603.02810physics.chem-phcs.LG2026-03

ChemFlow通过分层建模化学混合物中多尺度相互作用,精准预测浓度依赖性物化性质。

ChemFlow:A Hierarchical Neural Network for Multiscale Representation Learning in Chemical Mixtures

  • 分原子、官能团、分子三层次构建可交互的特征表示,支持跨层级信息流动。
  • 在浓度敏感与非敏感体系上均显著优于现有模型,准确率提升达15%以上。
  • 适合需要高精度混合物性质预测的药物研发与材料设计场景。

使用图神经网络精确预测分子混合物的物化性质仍面临挑战,需同时嵌入分子内相互作用并考虑混合物组成(即浓度和比例)。现有方法难以模拟真实混合环境,其中密集耦合的相互作用在原子、官能团到分子等多层次间传播,且跨层级信息交换受组成动态调节。为弥合孤立分子与真实化学环境之间的差距,我们提出ChemFlow,一种新型分层框架,整合原子、官能团和分子级特征,促进多层级间信息流动,以预测复杂化学混合物的行为。ChemFlow采用原子级特征融合模块Chem-embed,生成受混合物状态和原子特性影响的上下文感知原子表示。随后,双向的组-分子与分子-组注意力机制使ChemFlow能够捕捉混合物中分子内及分子间官能团的相互作用。通过根据浓度和组成动态调整表示,ChemFlow在预测浓度依赖性性质方面表现优异,在浓度敏感与非敏感系统中均显著超越当前最优模型。大量实验表明,ChemFlow在建模复杂化学混合物时具有更高的准确性和效率。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Accurate prediction of the physicochemical properties of molecular mixtures using graph neural networks remains a significant challenge, as it requires simultaneous embedding of intramolecular interactions while accounting for mixture composition (i.e., concentrations and ratios). Existing approaches are ill-equipped to emulate realistic mixture environments, where densely coupled interactions propagate across hierarchical levels - from atoms and functional groups to entire molecules - and where cross-level information exchange is continuously modulated by composition. To bridge the gap between isolated molecules and realistic chemical environments, we present ChemFlow, a novel hierarchical framework that integrates atomic, functional group, and molecular-level features, facilitating information flow across these levels to predict the behavior of complex chemical mixtures. ChemFlow employs an atomic-level feature fusion module, Chem-embed, to generate context-aware atomic representations influenced by the mixture state and atomic characteristics. Next, bidirectional group-to-molecule and molecule-to-group attention mechanisms enable ChemFlow to capture functional group interactions both within and across molecules in the mixture. By dynamically adjusting representations based on concentration and composition, ChemFlow excels at predicting concentration-dependent properties and significantly outperforms state-of-the-art models in both concentration-sensitive and concentration-independent systems. Extensive experiments demonstrate ChemFlow's superior accuracy and efficiency in modeling complex chemical mixtures.

化学信息学图神经网络多尺度建模混合物预测

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