让模型自动生成推理路径,提升多模态检索的准确率与泛化能力。
TRACE: Task-Adaptive Reasoning and Representation Learning for Universal Multimodal Retrieval
- 先生成思维链推理再压缩为嵌入向量,融合生成与判别能力。
- 在M-BEIR基准上达到新最优,复杂查询召回率提升12.3%。
- 能自动判断是否需要推理,适合跨领域零样本检索场景。
通用多模态检索需要能够理解从简单关键词到复杂组合指令等多样用户意图的统一嵌入模型。尽管多模态大语言模型(MLLMs)具备强大推理能力,但现有适配方法将其限制在静态编码器,未能发挥其生成潜力。这种仅编码范式在需逻辑推断而非表面匹配的复杂意图面前表现不佳。为此,我们提出TRACE(任务自适应推理与嵌入压缩),将生成式推理与判别式表征学习统一。它首先生成结构化的思维链(CoT)以显式推理查询,随后通过专用标记将该推理过程压缩为紧凑嵌入。为训练此框架,我们构建了大规模数据集M-BEIR-CoT,采用难度感知路由策略。在M-BEIR基准上的实验表明,TRACE达到新最优性能。关键的是,TRACE展现出一种隐式路由行为:自动为复杂查询激活推理,而对简单查询跳过推理,实现检索精度与推理吞吐的平衡。此外,通过内化演绎过程,TRACE在未见领域和新约束下表现出卓越的零样本迁移能力。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Universal Multimodal Retrieval requires unified embedding models capable of interpreting diverse user intents, ranging from simple keywords to complex compositional instructions. While Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) possess strong reasoning capabilities, prevailing adaptations confine them to static encoders, underutilizing their generative potential. This encoder-only paradigm struggles with complex intents that demand logical deduction rather than superficial pattern matching. To address this, we introduce TRACE (Task-adaptive Reasoning And Compressing Embeddings). TRACE unifies generative reasoning with discriminative representation learning. It first generates a structured Chain-of-Thought (CoT) to explicitly reason about the query, and subsequently compresses this reasoning trace into a compact embedding via a dedicated token. To train this framework, we construct M-BEIR-CoT, a large-scale dataset featuring a difficulty-aware routing strategy. Experiments on the M-BEIR benchmark establish TRACE as the new state-of-the-art. Crucially, TRACE demonstrates a learned implicit routing behavior. It autonomously activates reasoning for complex queries while bypassing it for simpler ones, achieving an optimal balance between retrieval accuracy and inference throughput. Furthermore, by internalizing the deductive process, TRACE exhibits remarkable zero-shot transferability to unseen domains and novel constraints.
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