arXiv:2603.03005cs.AI2026-03被引 1

让多个专家智能体协作,动态调整推理流程,提升科学任务的准确性和灵活性。

OrchMAS: Orchestrated Reasoning with Multi Collaborative Heterogeneous Scientific Expert Structured Agents

  • 用动态调度模型构建领域自适应推理链,按需调用不同专家
  • 支持多轮反馈修正错误,实现推理过程的自我迭代优化
  • 兼容多种模型,适合科研、计算密集型复杂任务场景

多智能体大模型框架在复杂多步推理中前景广阔,但现有系统在科学与知识密集型领域表现不佳,主要受限于静态提示、固定角色、僵化流程及同质模型依赖,导致领域适应差、推理灵活性低,且在异构或长时序科学任务中延迟高。同时,当中间推理出现偏差时,难以修正前期决策,影响结构化与计算密集型场景下的可靠性。为此,我们提出面向科学领域的交互式两级多模型协同框架。专用编排模型分析任务,动态构建领域感知推理链,并实例化具有定制提示的专用专家智能体;执行模型在生成的角色与指令规范下完成每一步推理。编排器基于中间反馈持续更新推理链,实现动态重规划、角色再分配与提示优化,通过结构化异构模型协作增强科学推理的鲁棒性与专业化。该框架模型无关,支持异构大模型集成,可灵活权衡性能与效率,适用于实际科学部署。实验表明,该框架在多样推理与科学风格基准上均优于现有多智能体系统与强基线。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Multi-agent large language model frameworks are promising for complex multi step reasoning, yet existing systems remain weak for scientific and knowledge intensive domains due to static prompts and agent roles, rigid workflows, and homogeneous model reliance, leading to poor domain adaptation, limited reasoning flexibility, and high latency on heterogeneous or long-horizon scientific tasks. They also struggle to revise earlier decisions when intermediate reasoning diverges, reducing reliability in structured and calculation heavy settings. To address these limitations, we propose a scientific domain oriented interactive two tier multi model orchestration framework. A dedicated orchestration model analyzes each task, dynamically constructs a domain aware reasoning pipeline, and instantiates specialized expert agents with tailored prompts, while an execution model performs each step under generated role and instruction specifications. The orchestrator iteratively updates the pipeline based on intermediate feedback, enabling dynamic replanning, role reallocation, and prompt refinement across multi turn interactions, strengthening robustness and specialization for scientific reasoning through structured heterogeneous model collaboration. The framework is model agnostic and supports heterogeneous LLM integration with different capacities or costs, enabling flexible performance efficiency trade offs in practical scientific deployments. Experiments show consistent improvements over existing multi agent systems and strong baselines across diverse reasoning and scientific style benchmarks.

多智能体科学推理动态调度异构模型

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