用区域数据生成带人口特征的出行轨迹,无需个人标签。
Learning Demographic-Conditioned Mobility Trajectories with Aggregate Supervision
- 用区域聚合数据和人口统计信息弱监督训练轨迹生成模型。
- 相比基线,人口特征真实性提升12%至69%(JSD下降)。
- 适合研究公共卫生、城市规划等需区分人群行为的领域。
人类出行轨迹在公共健康与社会科学中被广泛研究,不同人口群体表现出显著不同的移动模式。然而,现有轨迹生成模型很少能捕捉这种异质性,因为大多数轨迹数据集缺乏人口属性标签。为填补这一数据空白,我们提出ATLAS,一种仅使用三类信息的弱监督方法:(i) 无标签的个体轨迹,(ii) 区域级聚合移动特征,(iii) 人口普查数据提供的区域人口构成。ATLAS通过训练轨迹生成器并微调,使其模拟的移动行为与真实区域聚合数据一致,同时根据人口特征进行条件控制。在带有真实人口标签的真实轨迹数据上的实验表明,ATLAS显著提升了生成轨迹的人口真实性(JSD下降12%–69%),大幅缩小了与强监督训练之间的差距。我们进一步开展了理论分析,揭示了ATLAS有效性的关键因素,包括区域间人口多样性及聚合特征的信息量,并通过实验验证了理论的实际影响。代码已开源:https://github.com/schang-lab/ATLAS。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Human mobility trajectories are widely studied in public health and social science, where different demographic groups exhibit significantly different mobility patterns. However, existing trajectory generation models rarely capture this heterogeneity because most trajectory datasets lack demographic labels. To address this gap in data, we propose ATLAS, a weakly supervised approach for demographic-conditioned trajectory generation using only (i) individual trajectories without demographic labels, (ii) region-level aggregated mobility features, and (iii) region-level demographic compositions from census data. ATLAS trains a trajectory generator and fine-tunes it so that simulated mobility matches observed regional aggregates while conditioning on demographics. Experiments on real trajectory data with demographic labels show that ATLAS substantially improves demographic realism over baselines (JSD $\downarrow$ 12%--69%) and closes much of the gap to strongly supervised training. We further develop theoretical analyses for when and why ATLAS works, identifying key factors including demographic diversity across regions and the informativeness of the aggregate feature, paired with experiments demonstrating the practical implications of our theory. We release our code at https://github.com/schang-lab/ATLAS.
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