arXiv:2603.03510cs.CLcs.AI2026-03

用数学模型解释名词性别变化的动态规律,揭示语言演变机制。

A theoretical model of dynamical grammatical gender shifting based on set-valued set function

  • 构建基于集合函数的模板匹配模型,形式化词汇与形态模板的动态映射。
  • 在阿特拉斯山区方言中验证性别标记随词义演变发生非线性变化。
  • 为词法生成提供新视角,适合语言学理论与计算语言学研究者。

本研究聚焦名词的多样特征,涵盖语义(如可数/不可数)与形态句法(如阳性/阴性)差异。通过探索名词形态中性别标记的跨词变异,揭示语法性别转换在全球语言中的普遍性。提出一种新的计算组件,用于将词汇项与形态模板配对(如:(funas, {N, +SG, -PL, -M, +F, -COL, +SING}),其拼写形式为 ða-funast 'cow')。该过程由基于模板的模块化认知模型正式表达,其核心为集值集合函数 $h : \mathscr{P}(M) \rightarrow \mathscr{P}(M)$,可预测词汇项到形态模板的非线性动态映射。结合实证观察,展示这些性别变化及非性别变化如何在词义演化中产生,尤其在里菲安语中表现显著。模型认为,这些变异性源于词汇与意义形成过程中模板的动态调整。通过形式化证明转换适用于名词到名词的派生,挑战并扩展了传统词法生成观。该数学模型不仅深化对形态句法变异的理解,也为需精确建模语言模式的领域提供潜在应用。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

This study investigates the diverse characteristics of nouns, focusing on both semantic (e.g., countable/uncountable) and morphosyntactic (e.g., masculine/feminine) distinctions. We explore inter-word variations for gender markers in noun morphology. Grammatical gender shift is a widespread phenomenon in languages around the world. The aim is to uncover through a formal model the underlying patterns governing the variation of lexemes. To this end, we propose a new computational component dedicated to pairing items with morphological templates (e.g., the result of a generated item-template pair: (funas, $\{N, +SG, -PL, -M, +F, -COL, +SING\}$), with its spell-out form: $ð$a-funast 'cow'). This process is formally represented by the Template-Based and Modular Cognitive model. This proposed model, defined by a set-valued set function $h : \mathscr{P}(M) \rightarrow \mathscr{P}(M)$, predicts the nonlinear dynamic mapping of lexical items onto morphological templates. By applying this formalism, we present a unified framework for understanding the complexities of morphological markings across languages. Through empirical observations, we demonstrate how these shifts, as well as non-gender shifts, arise during lexical changes, especially in Riffian. Our model posits that these variant markings emerge due to template shifts occurring during word and meaning's formation. By formally demonstrating that conversion is applicable to noun-to-noun derivation, we challenge and broaden the conventional view of word formation. This mathematical model not only contributes to a deeper understanding of morphosyntactic variation but also offers potential applications in other fields requiring precise modelling of linguistic patterns.

语言学形态学数学建模

Thank you to arXiv for use of its open access interoperability. PaperDance 不是 arXiv 官方产品;中文卡片由大模型生成,请以原文为准。