arXiv:2603.03623cs.CLecon.EM2026-03

用大模型优化主题建模,让文本分析更准更可信。

A Neural Topic Method Using a Large-Language-Model-in-the-Loop for Business Research

  • 将主题视为潜在语言构念,结合大模型提升语义一致性。
  • 在亚马逊和Yelp数据上,主题质量超越主流模型。
  • 输出标准化且可解释,适合营销研究与实证分析。

商业研究中非结构化文本日益增多,主题建模成为从评论、社交媒体和开放题回答中构建解释变量的核心工具,但现有方法作为测量工具表现不佳。已有研究显示文本内容可预测销量、满意度和企业绩效,但概率模型常生成概念模糊的主题,神经主题模型在理论驱动场景下难解释,大语言模型方法缺乏标准化、稳定性及与文档级表示的一致性。我们提出LX Topic,一种将主题视为潜在语言构念的神经主题方法,生成可用于实证分析的校准文档级主题比例。LX Topic基于FASTopic确保强文档代表性,并在主题-词层面引入大语言模型精炼,通过对齐与置信度加权机制提升语义连贯性,同时不扭曲文档-主题分布。在大规模亚马逊和Yelp评论数据集上的评估表明,LX Topic在整体主题质量上优于领先模型,同时保持聚类与分类性能。通过在网页系统中统一主题发现、精炼与标准化输出,LX Topic使主题建模成为可复现、可解释、以测量为导向的市场营销研究工具。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

The growing use of unstructured text in business research makes topic modeling a central tool for constructing explanatory variables from reviews, social media, and open-ended survey responses, yet existing approaches function poorly as measurement instruments. Prior work shows that textual content predicts outcomes such as sales, satisfaction, and firm performance, but probabilistic models often generate conceptually diffuse topics, neural topic models are difficult to interpret in theory-driven settings, and large language model approaches lack standardization, stability, and alignment with document-level representations. We introduce LX Topic, a neural topic method that conceptualizes topics as latent linguistic constructs and produces calibrated document-level topic proportions for empirical analysis. LX Topic builds on FASTopic to ensure strong document representativeness and integrates large language model refinement at the topic-word level using alignment and confidence-weighting mechanisms that enhance semantic coherence without distorting document-topic distributions. Evaluations on large-scale Amazon and Yelp review datasets demonstrate that LX Topic achieves the highest overall topic quality relative to leading models while preserving clustering and classification performance. By unifying topic discovery, refinement, and standardized output in a web-based system, LX Topic establishes topic modeling as a reproducible, interpretable, and measurement-oriented instrument for marketing research and practice.

主题建模大模型文本分析营销研究

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