让机器人在搬东西时更稳,靠的是模拟小脑的自适应控制。
Interaction-Aware Whole-Body Control for Compliant Object Transport
- 分层控制:上身负责力交互,下身专注支撑平衡。
- 仿真训练+强化学习,应对不同重量和外力干扰。
- 仅用自身感知信息运行,适合真实场景部署。
非结构化环境中协作搬运物体对辅助型人形机器人仍是挑战,因为强且随时间变化的接触力会使以跟踪为核心的全身控制不可靠,尤其在紧密接触支撑任务中。本文提出一种类生物、面向交互的全身控制(IO-WBC),其功能类似人工小脑——一个能将高层(技能级)指令转化为稳定、物理一致的全身行为的自适应运动代理。该方法在结构上分离上肢交互执行与下肢支撑控制,使机器人在紧密耦合的机器人-物体系统中保持平衡的同时,可主动调节力交换。通过轨迹优化的参考生成器(RG)提供运动学先验,而强化学习(RL)策略则在重载与扰动下主导身体响应。策略在仿真中训练,包含随机化的负载质量/惯性及外部扰动,并通过不对称师生蒸馏部署,使学生仅依赖运行时的本体感知历史。大量实验表明,即便精确速度跟踪不可行,IO-WBC仍能维持稳定的全身行为与物理交互,实现多种场景下的柔性物体搬运。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Cooperative object transport in unstructured environments remains challenging for assistive humanoids because strong, time-varying interaction forces can make tracking-centric whole-body control unreliable, especially in close-contact support tasks. This paper proposes a bio-inspired, interaction-oriented whole-body control (IO-WBC) that functions as an artificial cerebellum - an adaptive motor agent that translates upstream (skill-level) commands into stable, physically consistent whole-body behavior under contact. This work structurally separates upper-body interaction execution from lower-body support control, enabling the robot to maintain balance while shaping force exchange in a tightly coupled robot-object system. A trajectory-optimized reference generator (RG) provides a kinematic prior, while a reinforcement learning (RL) policy governs body responses under heavy-load interactions and disturbances. The policy is trained in simulation with randomized payload mass/inertia and external perturbations, and deployed via asymmetric teacher-student distillation so that the student relies only on proprioceptive histories at runtime. Extensive experiments demonstrate that IO-WBC maintains stable whole-body behavior and physical interaction even when precise velocity tracking becomes infeasible, enabling compliant object transport across a wide range of scenarios.
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