arXiv:2603.03784cs.AI2026-03

用自然语言生成可验证的离散事件世界模型,适合复杂流程模拟。

Specification-Driven Generation and Evaluation of Discrete-Event World Models via the DEVS Formalism

  • 基于DEVS形式化框架,分阶段用大模型从说明书生成模型结构和事件逻辑
  • 在长周期仿真中保持一致性,错误率低于10%且支持局部诊断
  • 适合供应链、业务流程等需严格时序与因果约束的场景

世界模型是需长期规划的大型语言模型智能体的核心。现有工作多聚焦于物理或空间动态环境,而许多高影响力领域如供应链、采购网络和业务流程则由离散事件、时序约束和因果依赖驱动,亟需离散事件世界模型。现有方法两极分化:手工设计的模拟器具有一致性和可复现性,但构建成本高;神经模型灵活但长期推演易累积不一致。本文提出一种原则性折中方案:在线从自然语言规范合成离散事件世界模型,兼顾显式模拟器的可靠性与神经模型的适应性。采用DEVS形式化框架,设计分阶段的大模型生成流水线,将组件间交互结构推断与组件级事件及时间逻辑分离。评估方面,构建基准测试套件,模拟器输出结构化事件轨迹,并依据规范推导出的时间、因果和语义约束进行验证,实现可复现的验证与定位诊断。整体方法生成的模型在长周期推演中保持一致,可从可观测行为验证,且可在在线执行时高效按需合成。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

World models are central to LLM agents that must evaluate actions over long horizons. Yet much existing work focuses on environments governed by physical dynamics or spatial structure, whereas many high-impact domains, including supply chains, procurement networks, and business processes, evolve through discrete events, timing constraints, and causal dependencies. These settings call for discrete-event world models. Existing approaches to constructing world models often fall near two extremes: hand-engineered simulators provide consistency and reproducibility, but are costly to build and adapt; neural models are flexible, but can suffer from compounding inconsistency over long-horizon rollouts. We seek a principled middle ground by synthesizing discrete-event world models online from natural-language specifications, retaining the reliability of explicit simulators while gaining the adaptability of neural models. We adopt the DEVS formalism and introduce a staged LLM-based generation pipeline that separates structural inference over component interactions from component-level event and timing logic. For evaluation, we develop benchmark suites in which simulators emit structured event traces, which are then validated against specification-derived temporal, causal, and semantic constraints. This enables reproducible verification and localized diagnostics. Together, these contributions produce world models that remain consistent over long-horizon rollouts, can be verified from observable behavior, and can be synthesized efficiently on demand during online execution.

世界模型离散事件LLM生成形式化验证

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