用可执行认知系统系统解决意识的‘易问题’，揭示其机制来源。
A systematic approach to answering the easy problems of consciousness based on an executable cognitive system
- 基于康德概念知识理论构建可执行认知系统，统一解释意识机制。
- 系统能自主实现感知、分类、反应、报告与信息整合等能力。
- 适合对认知科学、人工意识机制感兴趣的学者与研究者。
意识是大脑的窗口，反映诸多涉及计算与认知机制的基本认知属性。查默斯将其中可辨识、分类、响应刺激；信息整合；可报告性；信息可及性；注意；有意控制；清醒与睡眠之差等称为“易问题”。这些问题尚未被系统解决。本研究首次基于可执行认知系统及其计算机制，系统性地回应这些“易问题”，其基础为康德的概念知识理论。研究指出，感知、分类、反应、报告与信息整合能力均可由系统的学习机制推导得出；注意与有意控制具有目标导向性，可归因于情绪状态与信息操作机制；清醒与梦中睡眠的区别主要在于刺激源不同。文中还讨论了执行系统中实现机制与实证研究结论间的联系，并通过系统演示支持了多项结论。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Consciousness is the window of the brain and reflects many fundamental cognitive properties involving both computational and cognitive mechanisms. A collection of these properties was described as the "easy problems" by Chalmers, including the ability to discriminate, categorize, and react to stimuli; information integration; reportability; information access; attention; deliberate control; and the difference between wakefulness and sleep. These "easy problems" have not been systematically addressed. This study presents a first attempt to address them systematically based on an executable cognitive system and its implemented computational mechanisms, built upon an understanding of conceptual knowledge proposed by Kant. The study suggests that the abilities to discriminate, categorize, react, report, and integrate information can all be derived from the system's learning mechanism; attention and deliberate control are goal-oriented and can be attributed to emotional states and its information-manipulation mechanism; and the difference between wakefulness and dream sleep lies mainly in the source of stimuli. The connections between the implemented mechanisms in the executive system and conclusions drawn from empirical findings are also discussed, and many of these discussions and conclusions are supported by demonstrations of the executive system.
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