arXiv:2603.04598cs.CV2026-03中稿 · CVPR

PinPoint构建了更真实的图像检索评估基准,涵盖多答案、难负例和多图查询。

PinPoint: Evaluation of Composed Image Retrieval with Explicit Negatives, Multi-Image Queries, and Paraphrase Testing

  • 设计包含多正确答案与硬负样本的现实世界测试集
  • 发现顶尖模型仍会误检9%的硬负例,且对同义指令波动达25.1%
  • 支持多图查询与公平性分析,适合提升图像检索鲁棒性的研究者

组合式图像检索(CIR)虽有显著进展,但现有基准仅支持单一正确答案,缺乏评估误检回避、鲁棒性及多图推理所需标注。我们提出PinPoint,一个包含7,635个查询和32.9万条相关性判断的综合性真实世界基准,覆盖23类查询。其创新包括:(1) 每个查询平均有9.1个正确答案;(2) 显式标注难负样本;(3) 每个查询提供6种指令同义表达以测试鲁棒性;(4) 支持多图组合(占13.4%查询);(5) 提供人口统计元数据用于公平性评估。基于对20+方法在4种主流范式下的分析,我们发现:最佳模型虽达到mAP@10为28.5%,但仍会在9%情况下检索到无关结果;同一模型在不同同义指令间性能波动高达25.1%;多图查询性能普遍下降40%-70%。为此,我们提出一种无需训练的重排序方法,基于现成多模态大模型,可无缝集成至任意现有系统。完整数据集(含图像、查询、标注、索引及代码)已公开。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Composed Image Retrieval (CIR) has made significant progress, yet current benchmarks are limited to single ground-truth answers and lack the annotations needed to evaluate false positive avoidance, robustness and multi-image reasoning. We present PinPoint, a comprehensive real world benchmark with 7,635 queries and 329K relevance judgments across 23 query categories. PinPoint advances the field by providing: (1) multiple correct answers (averaging 9.1 per query) (2) explicit hard negatives, (3) six instruction paraphrases per query for robustness testing, (4) multi-image composition support (13.4% of queries), and (5) demographic metadata for fairness evaluation. Based on our analysis of 20+ methods across 4 different major paradigms, we uncover three significant drawbacks: The best methods while achieving mAP@10 of 28.5%, still retrieves irrelevant results (hard negatives) 9% of the time. The best models also exhibit 25.1% performance variation across paraphrases, indicating significant potential for enhancing current CIR techniques. Multi-image queries performs 40 to 70% worse across different methods. To overcome these new issues uncovered by our evaluation framework, we propose a training-free reranking method based on an off-the-shelf MLLM that can be applied to any existing system to bridge the gap. We release the complete dataset, including all images, queries, annotations, retrieval index, and benchmarking code.

图像检索评估基准多图查询鲁棒性

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