AI用符号与搜索结合,解出宇宙弦引力辐射的精确公式
Solving an Open Problem in Theoretical Physics using AI-Assisted Discovery
- 用大模型+树搜索+数值反馈,自动求解复杂积分
- 得到6种解析方法,其中最优解用广义切比雪夫多项式吸收奇点
- 结果既符合理论数值又连通量子场论,适合物理与数学研究者
本文展示人工智能可加速数学发现,自主解决理论物理中的开放问题。我们提出一个神经符号系统,融合Gemini Deep Think大语言模型、系统性树搜索(TS)框架及自动化数值反馈,成功推导出宇宙弦发出引力辐射功率谱的全新精确解析解。该智能体对任意环状几何的核心积分 $I(N,α)$ 进行求解,直接超越了近期仅得部分渐近解的AI尝试 \\cite{BCE+25}。为验证方法并确保透明度,我们详述系统提示、搜索约束及间歇性反馈机制。智能体识别出6种不同解析方法,最简洁者通过将核函数展开为广义切比雪夫多项式 $C_l^{(3/2)}$,自然吸收被积函数奇点。所得结果在大 $N$ 下的渐近形式既与数值模拟一致,又与量子场论的连续费曼参数化相联系。本文详细阐述实现这一发现的算法方法与推导过程。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
This paper demonstrates that artificial intelligence can accelerate mathematical discovery by autonomously solving an open problem in theoretical physics. We present a neuro-symbolic system, combining the Gemini Deep Think large language model with a systematic Tree Search (TS) framework and automated numerical feedback, that successfully derived novel, exact analytical solutions for the power spectrum of gravitational radiation emitted by cosmic strings. Specifically, the agent evaluated the core integral $I(N,α)$ for arbitrary loop geometries, directly improving upon recent AI-assisted attempts \cite{BCE+25} that only yielded partial asymptotic solutions. To substantiate our methodological claims regarding AI-accelerated discovery and to ensure transparency, we detail system prompts, search constraints, and intermittent feedback loops that guided the model. The agent identified a suite of 6 different analytical methods, the most elegant of which expands the kernel in Gegenbauer polynomials $C_l^{(3/2)}$ to naturally absorb the integrand's singularities. The methods lead to an asymptotic result for $I(N,α)$ at large $N$ that both agrees with numerical results and also connects to the continuous Feynman parameterization of Quantum Field Theory. We detail both the algorithmic methodology that enabled this discovery and the resulting mathematical derivations.
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