arXiv:2603.05004cs.LGcs.AI2026-03

让图神经网络误判带触发器的节点,且不修改训练标签。

Poisoning the Inner Prediction Logic of Graph Neural Networks for Clean-Label Backdoor Attacks

  • 通过污染模型内部预测逻辑,实现无需改标签的后门攻击。
  • 在真实数据集上攻击成功率显著超越现有方法。
  • 适合研究模型安全与防御机制的从业者参考。

图神经网络(GNN)在多种任务中表现优异。近期研究表明,图后门攻击可通过在训练节点上注入触发器,使模型将测试节点错误分类为目标类别。然而,现有方法通常需将带有触发器的训练节点标签改为目标类,这在实际场景中难以实现。本文聚焦于更现实但研究不足的干净标签图后门攻击——训练标签不可更改。初步分析表明,现有方法在此设置下普遍失效。进一步分析发现,其根本原因在于无法污染GNN的预测逻辑,导致触发器被模型视为无关信息。为此,我们提出新问题:如何有效污染GNN的内部预测逻辑以实现干净标签攻击。我们设计了BA-Logic方法,通过协同毒化节点选择器与逻辑毒化触发生成器,实现高效攻击。大量实验在真实数据集上验证,本方法显著提升攻击成功率,优于当前最先进的图后门攻击方法。代码已公开于https://anonymous.4open.science/r/BA-Logic。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) have achieved remarkable results in various tasks. Recent studies reveal that graph backdoor attacks can poison the GNN model to predict test nodes with triggers attached as the target class. However, apart from injecting triggers to training nodes, these graph backdoor attacks generally require altering the labels of trigger-attached training nodes into the target class, which is impractical in real-world scenarios. In this work, we focus on the clean-label graph backdoor attack, a realistic but understudied topic where training labels are not modifiable. According to our preliminary analysis, existing graph backdoor attacks generally fail under the clean-label setting. Our further analysis identifies that the core failure of existing methods lies in their inability to poison the prediction logic of GNN models, leading to the triggers being deemed unimportant for prediction. Therefore, we study a novel problem of effective clean-label graph backdoor attacks by poisoning the inner prediction logic of GNN models. We propose BA-Logic to solve the problem by coordinating a poisoned node selector and a logic-poisoning trigger generator. Extensive experiments on real-world datasets demonstrate that our method effectively enhances the attack success rate and surpasses state-of-the-art graph backdoor attack competitors under clean-label settings. Our code is available at https://anonymous.4open.science/r/BA-Logic

图神经网络后门攻击模型安全

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