arXiv:2603.05093cs.LGcs.AI2026-03

用最优生成流确定解释路径,让归因更稳定可靠。

From Baselines to Transport Geodesics: Axiomatic Attribution via Optimal Generative Flows

  • 基于数据生成过程选择最佳解释路径,而非人为设计插值
  • 实验显示低作用力路径的归因更稳定且结构清晰
  • 适合关注解释可信度与一致性的模型可解释性研究者

特征归因常隐含一个关键建模选择:解释是沿着从参考状态到输入的反事实路径进行的。不同基线、插值方式和生成轨迹定义了不同的路径,因而产生不同的解释。本文将路径模糊性视为建模问题,核心问题是路径能否由数据生成的传输过程决定,而非依赖人工设计的插值或模型敏感性几何。我们将归因分解为固定路径的信用分配与路径选择两部分。对于固定路径,证明在标准固定路径公理与显式坐标迹正则性下,Aumann-Shapley线积分是唯一归因规则。对于路径选择,通过最小化从参考分布到数据分布的流的动能作用量,得到传输测地线归因原则。我们以修正流(Rectified Flow)和重流(Reflow)近似该理想路径,并推导出向量场误差与归因误差之间的稳定性界。实验表明,低作用力、符合传输一致性的路径能产生更稳定、结构化的解释,同时保持竞争力的删除忠实性,且不假设数据流形成员关系。代码已开源:https://github.com/cenweizhang/OTFlowSHAP。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Feature attributions often hide a critical modeling choice: they explain a prediction along a counterfactual path from a reference state to an input. Different baselines, interpolations, and generative trajectories define different paths and can therefor produce different explanations. We study this path ambiguity as a modeling problem. Our central question is whether the path can be chosen by the data-generating transport process, rather than by a hand-designed interpolation or by the sensitivity geometry of the model being explained. We separate attribution into fixed-path credit allocation and path selection. For a fixed path, we prove that the Aumann-Shapley line integral is the unique attribution rule under standard fixed-path axioms and explicit coordinate-trace regularity. For path selection, we minimize kinetic action over flows that transport a reference distribution to the data distribution, yielding a transport-geodesic attribution principle. We approximate this ideal with Rectified Flow and Reflow and derive stability bounds linking vector-field error to attribution error. Experiments show that lower-action, transport-consistent paths produce more stable and structured explanations, preserving competitive deletion faithfulness, without claiming data-manifold membership. Our code is available at https://github.com/cenweizhang/OTFlowSHAP.

归因方法生成模型最优传输

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