用单一模型统一处理图文音,效率更高。
Omni-C: Compressing Heterogeneous Modalities into a Single Dense Encoder
- 单个密集编码器通过对比学习融合多模态数据
- 在多种任务上性能接近专家模型,推理内存减少超70%
- 适合资源受限设备部署,无需专用硬件
近期多模态系统通常依赖独立的模态编码器,导致复杂度随模态增加线性上升。尽管统一的Omni模型通过混合专家(MoE)架构缓解此问题,但仍带来参数量膨胀和路由开销。本文提出Omni-C(Omni-Compress),一个基于单个密集Transformer编码器的统一框架,通过大规模非对齐数据上的单模态对比预训练,在图像、音频和文本等异构模态间学习具有竞争力的共享表征。通过最大化主干网络参数共享,并采用轻量级模态特定投影头,Omni-C有效缓解了跨模态冲突,无需MoE、成对监督或路由机制。该设计支持通过顺序模态处理实现低内存推理,可在内存受限系统上高效部署,避免并行加载专家或专用硬件需求。实验表明,Omni-C在单模态与跨模态任务中表现接近专家模型,音频与文本零样本性能略有下降,但通过轻量线性微调或参数高效微调可基本恢复。相比多编码器基线,统一架构显著降低推理内存占用,推动高效且可扩展的多模态学习。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Recent multimodal systems often rely on separate expert modality encoders which cause linearly scaling complexity and computational overhead with added modalities. While unified Omni-models address this via Mixture-of-Expert (MoE) architectures with specialized experts and routing, they still inflate parameter counts and introduce routing overhead. In this paper, we propose Omni-C (Omni-Compress), a single dense Transformer-based encoder that learns competitive shared representations across heterogeneous modalities--images, audio, and text--through unimodal contrastive pretraining on large-scale unaligned data. By maximizing parameter sharing in the backbone and using lightweight modality-specific projection heads, Omni-C effectively mitigates inter-modality conflicts without requiring MoE, paired supervision, or routing. This design supports efficient deployment on memory-constrained systems via sequential modality processing and low-memory inference, eliminating the need for parallel expert loading or specialized hardware. Experiments show Omni-C achieves performance comparable to expert models in unimodal and cross-model tasks, with modest zero-shot degradation on audio and text that is largely recovered through lightweight linear probing or parameter efficient fine-tuning. The unified architecture substantially reduces inference memory usage compared to multi-encoder baselines, advancing efficient and scalable multimodal learning.
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