arXiv:2603.05576cs.RO2026-03中稿 · publication in IEE…

通过逆向任务学习,让机器人在新环境下也能精准执行复杂操作。

Task Parameter Extrapolation via Learning Inverse Tasks from Forward Demonstrations

  • 从正向示范中学习逆向任务,构建通用表征实现跨域迁移。
  • 无需直接监督,仅用新配置的示范数据即可完成逆向任务。
  • 适合需要零样本泛化的复杂操控场景,尤其在真实世界表现优异。

将技能策略推广到新条件仍是机器人学习中的关键挑战。尽管模仿学习数据效率高,但通常局限于训练区域,一旦输入超出该范围便出现不可预测的失败。相比之下,迁移学习虽能应对环境与任务变化,却仍需大量数据且零样本泛化精度不足。本文针对任务反演学习提出一种新型联合学习方法,构建正向与逆向任务的共同表征,并利用来自新配置的辅助正向示范,成功执行对应逆向任务,无需任何直接监督。通过消融实验及仿真与真实环境中的复杂操控任务测试,验证了该框架的外推能力,其在多种物体和工具场景下优于基于扩散模型和多模态变分自编码器的方法。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Generalizing skill policies to novel conditions remains a key challenge in robot learning. Imitation learning methods, while data-efficient, are largely confined to the training region and consistently fail on input data outside it, leading to unpredictable policy failures. Alternatively, transfer learning approaches offer methods for trajectory generation robust to both changes in environment and tasks, but they remain data-hungry and lack accuracy in zero-shot generalization. We address these challenges in the context of task inversion learning and propose a novel joint learning approach to achieve accurate and efficient knowledge transfer. Our method constructs a common representation of the forward and inverse tasks, and leverages auxiliary forward demonstrations from novel configurations to successfully execute the corresponding inverse tasks, without any direct supervision. We demonstrate the extrapolation capabilities of our framework through ablation studies and experiments in simulated and real-world environments that require complex manipulation skills with a diverse set of objects and tools, where we outperform diffusion-based and multimodal VAE alternatives.

机器人学习逆向任务零样本泛化

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